Zhoubi suanjing

Diagramm zum Satz des Pythagoras (勾股定理, Gōugǔ dìnglǐ – „Gougu-Theorem“)

Das Zhōubì suànjīng (chinesisch 周髀算經 / 周髀算经, W.-G. Chou-pi suan-ching – „Arithmetischer Klassiker des Zhou-Gnomons“, kurz: 周髀, Zhōubì – „Zhou-Gnomon“) ist einer der ältesten und berühmtesten antiken chinesischen mathematischen Texte, dessen Wurzeln zurück bis zur Westlichen Zhou-Dynastie (11. Jahrhundert v. Chr. bis 771 v. Chr.) reichen sollen. Es ist eines der ältesten Bücher aus der Reihe der „Zehn mathematischen Klassiker“ (Suanjing shi shu).

Inhalt

Das Buch wurde ungefähr um 100 v. Chr. in der Zeit der frühen Han-Dynastie (206 v. Chr. bis 9 n. Chr.) erstmals verfasst und enthält alles Wichtige der historischen chinesischen Astronomie. Es behandelt auf der Grundlage von Beobachtungen und der Mathematik kosmologische Spekulationen zur Größe des Universums und es wird angegeben, wie sich mit einem Gnomon die Positionen von Himmelskörpern bestimmen lassen. In einem dargestellten Gespräch des Herzogs von Zhou (周公旦) mit seinem Minister Shang Gao wird erklärt, wie ein Gnomon angewendet werden kann. Der „Zhou-Gnomon“ enthält zudem Berechnungen zur Bewegung von Himmelskörpern und die so genannte „Hypotenusen-Figur“ (Xian-tu), die am Beispiel des rechtwinkligen Dreiecks (Gougu) mit den Seiten 3, 4 und 5 einen Beweis des Satzes des Pythagoras (Gougu-Theorem) veranschaulicht.[1]

Der Kommentar von Zhao Shuang aus dem vielleicht 3. Jahrhundert n. Chr. enthält außerdem eine Liste von 15 Formeln für rechtwinklige Dreiecke. Weitere Kommentare schrieben Zhen Luan (6. Jahrhundert n. Chr.) und Li Chunfeng (602–670 n. Chr.).

Chinesische Ausgaben und Textkritik

  • fotografische Reproduktion eines Holzplattendrucks der Ming-Zeit in der Sammlung Sibu congkan (四部丛刊)
  • (Qing) Feng Jing 冯经: Zhoubi suanjing shu (周髀算经述) (Lingnan yishu disiji 岭南遗书第四集)
  • (Qing) Gu Guanguang (顾观光): Zhoubi suanjing jiaokan ji (周髀算经校勘记) (Wuling shanren yishu 武陵山人遗书)
  • Qian Baozong:

Literatur

Siehe auch

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ Helmuth Gericke (Mathematik in Antike und Orient. Springer, Berlin u. a. 1984, S. 178 f.) dagegen sieht darin noch keinen Beweis

Read other articles:

Parasut

Untuk parasit, lihat parasit. Kapsul Apollo 15 mendarat dengan menggunakan parasut. Parasut atau payung udara[1] adalah suatu perangkat dari tekstil lembut yang digunakan untuk memperlambat gerakan suatu objek di atmosfer dengan menciptakan seretan (drag). Parasut umumnya digunakan untuk memperlambat gerak turun seseorang atau suatu objek ke Bumi. Parasut drogue juga kadang digunakan untuk membantu penurunan percepatan horizontal suatu kendaraan (pesawat terbang atau pesawat ulang ali...

 

Deportasi kaum intelektual Armenia pada 24 April 1915

Deportasi kaum intelektual ArmeniaBagian dari Genosida ArmeniaBeberapa kaum intelektual Armenia yang ditahan, dideportasi, dan dibunuh pada 1915:Baris ke-1: Krikor Zohrab, Daniel Varoujan, Rupen Zartarian, Ardashes Harutiunian, SiamantoBaris ke-2: Ruben Sevak, Dikran Chökürian, Diran Kelekian, Tlgadintsi, dan ErukhanLokasiKesultanan UtsmaniyahTanggal24 April 1915 (tanggal mulai)SasaranOrang-orang terkenal dari Komunitas Armenia di KonstantinopelJenis seranganDeportasi dan kemudian pembunuha...

 

Horny House of Horror

Japanese filmHorny House of HorrorFilm posterDirected byJun TsugitaWritten byJun TsugitaProduced byHideomi NagahamaShin HayasakaStarringSaori HaraAsamiMint SuzukiYuya IshikawaToushi YanagiWani KansaiAkira MurotaDemo TanakaTakashi NishinaCinematographyShin HayasakaEdited byKazutoshi UsaJun TsugitaMusic byPiranha OrchestraRunning time75 minutesCountryJapanLanguageJapanese Horny House of Horror (ファッション·ヘル（ス）, Fasshon heru(su)) is a 2010 Japanese horror parody film directed...

KRLA

For the radio station using this call sign before 2001, see KWVE (AM). Radio station in Glendale, CaliforniaKRLAGlendale, CaliforniaBroadcast areaSouthern CaliforniaFrequency870 kHzBrandingAM 870 The AnswerProgrammingFormatConservative talk radioAffiliationsFox News RadioGenesis Communications NetworkSalem Radio NetworkTownhall NewsWestwood OneOwnershipOwnerSalem Media Group(New Inspiration Broadcasting Company)Sister stationsKKLA-FM, KFSH-FM, KTIEHistoryFirst air dateFebruary 1933;&...

 

趙家驤

追晉陸軍二級上將趙家驤將軍个人资料出生1910年 大清河南省衛輝府汲縣逝世1958年8月23日(1958歲—08—23)（47—48歲） † 中華民國福建省金門縣国籍 中華民國政党 中國國民黨获奖 青天白日勳章（追贈）军事背景效忠 中華民國服役 國民革命軍 中華民國陸軍服役时间1924年－1958年军衔 二級上將 （追晉）部队四十七師指挥東北剿匪總司令部參謀長陸軍�...

 

Iran Khodro

Iranian automaker headquartered in Tehran Parts of this article (those related to Information box) need to be updated. The reason given is: Financial information and the number of employees and the amount of production per year are unclear or very old.. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (September 2022) Iran Khodro - ایران خودروFormerlyIran National Corp. (1962–1979)Company typePublicTraded asTSE : Iran Khodro(IKCO1)ISIN:...

Westway (radio series)

WestwayGenreSoap operaRunning time15 minutesCountry of originUnited KingdomLanguage(s)EnglishHome stationBBC World ServiceCreated byDavid HitchinsonOriginal releaseNovember 1997 –October 2005Websitewww.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/arts/features/westway/ Westway was a radio soap opera broadcast twice a week on the BBC World Service from November 1997 to October 2005. It focused on life in and around the fictional Westway Health Centre in West London.[1][2] It was named after ...

 

2021 Georgian Cup

Football tournament season 2021 Georgian CupTournament detailsCountryGeorgiaTeams68Defending champions GagraFinal positionsChampionsSaburtalo TbilisiRunner-upSamgurali TskhaltuboTournament statisticsMatches played67Goals scored207 (3.09 per match)All statistics correct as of 8 December 2021.← 20202022 → The 2021 Georgian Cup is a single elimination association football tournament which began on 21 March 2021.[1] The winner of this season's cup will...

 

Comparative navy enlisted ranks of Arabophone countries

Rank comparison chart of Non-commissioned officer and enlisted ranks for navies of Arabophone states. Other ranks Rank group Senior NCOs Junior NCOs Enlisted  Algerian National Navy[1]vte No insignia مساعد أولMosa'id awwal مساعدMosa'id رقيب أولRaqib awwal رقيبRaqib عريف أولEarif 'awal عريفEarif جنديJundiun Adjudant chef Adjudant Sergent chef Sergent Caporal chef Caporal Djoundi  Royal Bahrain Naval Forcevte No insignia رقیب أولRa...

Internazionali di Francia 1957

Internazionali di Francia 1957 Sport Tennis Data 21 maggio - 1º giugno Edizione 56a Categoria Grande Slam (ITF) Località Parigi Campioni Singolare maschile Sven Davidson Singolare femminile Shirley Bloomer Doppio maschile Malcolm Anderson / Ashley Cooper Doppio femminile Shirley Bloomer / Darlene Hard Doppio misto Vera Pužejová / Jirí Javorský 1956 1958 Gli Internazionali di Francia 1957 (conosciuti oggi come Open di Francia o Roland Garros) sono stati la 56ª edizione degli Internazio...

 

Polesine

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Polesine (disambigua). PolesinePolesine(VEC) Połéxine(EML) Pulésan Rovigo Stati Italia Regioni Veneto Territorio50 comuni della provincia di Rovigo CapoluogoStemma di RovigoRovigo Superficie1 789 km² Abitanti247 164 (2008) Densità138,2 ab./km² Lingueitaliano Mappa della provincia di Rovigo, corrispondente al Polesine. Polesine Coordinate: 45°04′51.24″N 11°47′38.4″E / ࿯...

 

Spot-flanked gallinule

Species of bird Spot-flanked gallinule Conservation status Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae Genus: PorphyriopsPucheran, 1845 Species: P. melanops Binomial name Porphyriops melanops(Vieillot, 1819) Synonyms Gallinula melanops The spot-flanked gallinule (Porphyriops melanops) is a species of bird in the family Rallidae. It is monotypic in the genus Porphyri...

Torcuato Fernández-Miranda

Spanish politician In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Fernández-Miranda and the second or maternal family name is Hevia. The Most ExcellentThe Duke of Fernández-MirandaTorcuato Fernández-Miranda in 1975President of the Cortes EspañolasIn office6 December 1975 – 30 June 1977Head of StateFrancisco FrancoJuan Carlos IPreceded byAlejandro Rodríguez de ValcárcelSucceeded byFernando Álvarez de MirandaActing Prime Minister of SpainIn office20 December 19...

 

1661 in China

Events from the year 1661 in Qing China ← 1660 1659 1658 1657 1656 1661 in China → 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 Decades: 1640s 1650s 1660s 1670s 1680s See also:Other events of 1661History of China  • Timeline  • Years Events from the year 1661 in the Qing dynasty. Incumbents Shunzhi Emperor (17th year) Kangxi Emperor Regents — Sonin, Ebilun, Suksaha, and Oboi Viceroys Viceroy of Zhili — Miao Cheng Viceroy of Min-Zhe — Zhao Guozuo, Zhao Tingchen Vi...

 

مارتن أونيل

مارتن أونيل (بالإنجليزية: Martin O'Neill)‏  معلومات شخصية الميلاد 1 مارس 1952 (العمر 72 سنة)[1] الطول 5 قدم 10 بوصة (1.78 م)[2][2] مركز اللعب وسط الجنسية أيرلندا الشمالية  المدرسة الأم جامعة الملكة في بلفاست  مسيرة الشباب سنوات فريق Rosario Youth Club F.C. [الإنجليزية]‏...

Daftar Wakil Bupati Padang Pariaman

Wakil Bupati Padang PariamanPetahanaDrs. Rahmang, M.M.sejak 26 Februari 2021Masa jabatan5 tahunDibentuk2000Pejabat pertamaDrs. Martias Mahyuddin, M.Sc.Situs webpadangpariamankab.go.id Berikut ini adalah daftar Wakil Bupati Padang Pariaman dari masa ke masa. No Wakil Bupati Mulai Jabatan Akhir Jabatan Prd. Ket. Bupati 1 Drs.Martias MahyuddinM.Sc. 2000 2005 1   Drs. H.Muslim KasimAk., M.M. Jabatan kosong 6 April 2005 5 September 2005 -   H.Sudirman GaniS.H., M.M.(Penjabat) 2 Drs....

 

Michel Frédérick

Michel FrédérickNazionalità Svizzera Ciclismo SpecialitàStrada Termine carriera1904 CarrieraSquadre di club 1896-1900Individuale1901Acatène1902-1903Individuale1904 Peugeot   Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Michel Frédérick (all'anagrafe Frédéric Michel) (Zurigo, 6 novembre 1872 – Nizza, 22 giugno 1912) è stato un ciclista su strada svizzero. Professionista dal 1896 al 1904, vinse una tappa al Tour de France. Indice 1 Carriera 2 Palmarès 3 Piazzamenti 3.1 ...

 

مارسيلو غيريرو

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (ديسمبر 2018) مارسيلو غيريرو معلومات شخصية الميلاد 20 يناير 1983 (العمر 41 سنة)مونتفيدو  الطول 1.74 م (5 قدم 8 1⁄2 بوصة) مركز اللعب مهاجم الجنسية الأوروغواي  الم�...

Giovanni Artusi

Italian composer Giovanni Artusi Giovanni Maria Artusi (c. 1540 – 18 August 1613) was an Italian music theorist, composer, and writer. Artusi fiercely condemned the new musical innovations that defined the early Baroque style developing around 1600 in his treatise L'Artusi, overo Delle imperfettioni della moderna musica [Artusi, or On the Imperfections of Modern Music]. He was also a scholar and cleric at the Congregation Santissimo Salvatore, Bologna,[1] and remained t...

 

Biblical apocrypha

Ancient books found in some editions of Bibles This article is about a class of books covering the Old Testament era that are included in some Bibles. For lists of books accepted by different major churches, see Biblical canon § Old Testament table. For books whose canonicity is disputed by Protestant denominations, see Deuterocanonical books. For other books generally excluded from the canonical Hebrew Bible, see Old Testament pseudepigrapha. For the apocryphal writings of the New Test...