Wärmekeimer

Kleine Brennnessel (Urtica urens) – Ein Wärmekeimer

Wärmekeimer (auch Warmkeimer) sind Pflanzen, die zur Keimung – ganz im Gegensatz zu Kaltkeimern – vergleichsweise hohe Temperaturen benötigen. Dies sind z. B. Süßgräser wie die Hühnerhirse, Wolfsmilchgewächse wie das einjährige Bingelkraut und die Korbblütler wie die Franzosenkrautarten.[1] Auch die Ufer-Spitzklette[2] ist als Wärmekeiner auf bestimmte Temperaturen angewiesen, ebenso wie die Kleine Brennnessel[3].

Es gibt unter den Wärmekeimern auch Pflanzen, die sich über Endochorie verbreiten, d. h. sie nutzen ein Tier, dass die Samen frisst und an einem anderen Ort wieder ausscheidet. Einige spezialisierte Pflanzen, wie der Afrikanische Affenbrotbaum (Adansonia digitata) benötigen als Voraussetzung für die Keimung deutlich erhöhte Temperaturen, die beispielsweise im Darm von Elefanten gewährleistet sind.[4]

Noch höhere Temperaturen benötigen die sogenannten Pyrophyten, wie der Mammutbaum oder Eucalyptusbäume, die einen Waldbrand als Voraussetzung für die Keimung benötigen.[5]

Siehe auch

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ Wärmekeimer | Agrar-Lexikon
  2. ↑ Xanthium albinum. Untersuchungen zur Populationsdynamik von Xanthium albinum an der Mittelelbe Technische Universität Braunschweig, aufgerufen am 12. November 2022
  3. ↑ Kleine Brennnessel bionity.com, aufgerufen am 12. November 2022
  4. ↑ Thea Lautenschläger, Nele Teutloff, Markus Günther & Christoph Neinhuis (2020): Adansonia digitata germination tests. Elephants or heat: what causes scarification of seed to facilitate germination? United States National Library of Medicine published online 2020 Jun 16 doi:10.1186/s40529-020-00296-0
  5. ↑ Manche mögens heiß. Die Natur weiß sich zu helfen vom 12. November 2022 Scinexx, aufgerufen am 12. November 2022

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