Legalisme

Dalam sejarah Tiongkok, Legalisme (Hanzi: 法家; Hanzi: Fǎjiā; Wade-Giles: Fa-chia) adalah salah satu dari empat aliran utama filsafat Tiongkok pada Periode Musim Semi dan Musim Gugur serta Periode Negara Perang (tiga lainnya adalah Konfusianisme, Taoisme, dan Mohisme). Periode ini (770 SM-221 SM) adalah zaman pertumbuhan besar kebudayaan dan intelektual di Tiongkok yang menghasilkan Seratus Aliran Pemikiran. Di bawah kepemimpinan Li Si, legalisme versinya menjadi ideologi dominan di Tiongkok. Beberapa ahli menganggap versi legalisme Li Si merupakan salah satu ideologi totalitarianisme paling awal.[1] Legalisme adalah suatu filsafat politik pragmatis yang tidak menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan tingkat tinggi seperti alam dan tujuan kehidupan.[2] Legalisme di sini memiliki pengertian "filsafat politik yang mengedepankan aturan hukum", dan karenanya dibedakan dengan pengertian Dunia Barat mengenai kata ini.

Bibliografi

  • Barbieri-Low, Anthony, trans. “The Standard Measure of Shang Yang (344 B.C.).” 2006.
  • Creel, H.G. “The Totalitarianism of the Legalists.” Chinese Thought from Confucius to Mao Tsê-tung. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1953.
  • Duyvendak, J.J.L., trans. The Book of Lord Shang: A Classic of the Chinese School of Law. London: Probsthain, 1928.
  • Graham, A.C., Disputers of the TAO: Philosophical Argument in Ancient China (Open Court 1993). ISBN 0-8126-9087-7
  • Potter, Pittman, From Leninist Discipline to Socialist Legalism: Peng Zhen on Law and Political Authority in the PRC2 (2003). ISBN 978-0-8047-4500-0
  • Pu-hai, Shen. “Appendix C: The Shen Pu-hai Fragments.” Shen Pu-hai: A Chinese Political Philosopher of the Fourth Century B.C. Translated by Herrlee G. Creel. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1974.
  • Qian, Sima. Records of the Grand Historian, Qin Dynasty. Translated by Burton Watson. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
  • Schwartz, Benjamin I. The World of Thought in Ancient China. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1985.
  • Watson, Burton, trans. Han Fei Tzu: Basic Writings. New York: Columbia University Press, 1964.
  • Xinzhong,Yao, Introduction to Confucianism (2000). ISBN 978-0-521-64312-2

Pranala luar

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Chinese Legalism: Ancient Roots of Eastern Totalitarianism. World Future Fund
  2. ^ "Legalism". philtar.ucsm.ac.uk. Diakses tanggal 2008-06-28. 

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