Systematik der Dinosaurier

Evolution der Dinosaurier nach klassischem Modell von Harry Govier Seeley, 1887

Die Dinosaurier sind ein Taxon der Archosaurier innerhalb der Sauropsiden (Sauropsida) bzw. Reptilien (Reptilia). Gemeinsam mit ihrer Schwestergruppe, den Flugsauriern (Pterosauria), bilden sie das Taxon der Ornithodira. Diese Systematik der Dinosaurier wurde nach den unter Literatur, Einzelnachweise und Weblinks aufgeführten Quellen erstellt.

Nach der 1887 durch Harry Govier Seeley[1] vom King’s College London eingeführten und lange prägenden Systematik wurden Dinosaurier in die beiden Ordnungen beziehungsweise Entwicklungslinien Echsenbeckensaurier (Saurischia) und Vogelbeckensaurier (Ornithischia) unterteilt. In einer phylogenetischen Studie aus dem Jahr 2017, basierend auf der detaillierten Analyse von 74 Taxa und 457 Merkmalen, schlagen die Paläontologen Matthew G. Baron, David B. Norman und Paul M. Barrett eine neue Systematik vor, die den Dinosaurier-Stammbaum radikal verändert.[2][3][4][5] Demnach bestehen die Dinosaurier aus den beiden Entwicklungslinien Saurischia und Ornithoscelida. In der Klade Ornithoscelida (gr. skelis=Bein), die Thomas Henry Huxley bereits 1880 so benannt hatte,[6] werden die Vogelbeckensaurier und die Theropoden als Schwestergruppen vereint. Die Klade Saurischia wird neu definiert und umfasst die beiden Schwestergruppen Sauropodomorpha und Herrerasauridae:

  Dinosauria  
  Saurischia  

 Herrerasauridae


   

 Sauropodomorpha



  Ornithoscelida  

 Ornithischia


   

 Theropoda




Vorlage:Klade/Wartung/Style

Vogelbeckendinosaurier (Ornithischia)

Lesothosaurus
Scelidosaurus

Heterodontosauridae

Abrictosaurus

Stegosauria

Huayangosaurus
Kentrosaurus
Stegosaurus

Ankylosauria

Gastonia
Ankylosaurus
Euoplocephalus
Edmontonia
Sauropelta
Polacanthus

Pachycephalosauria

Homalocephale
Pachycephalosaurus
Prenocephale

Ceratopsia

Yinlong
Psittacosaurus
Protoceratops
Zuniceratops
Centrosaurus
Styracosaurus
Pentaceratops
Triceratops

Ornithopoda

Hypsilophodon
Leaellynasaura
Tenontosaurus
Dryosaurus
Camptosaurus
Iguanodon
Ouranosaurus
Anatotitan
Maiasaura
Lambeosaurus
Parasaurolophus

Echsenbeckendinosaurier (Saurischia)

Eoraptor
Herrerasaurus

Prosauropoda

Anchisaurus
Melanorosaurus
Plateosaurus

Sauropoda

Vulcanodon
Barapasaurus
Mamenchisaurus
Cetiosaurus
Patagosaurus
Rebbachisaurus
Dicraeosaurus
Apatosaurus
Diplodocus
Camarasaurus
Astrodon
Brachiosaurus
Euhelopus
Agustinia
Argentinosaurus
Alamosaurus
Diamantinasaurus
Nemegtosaurus
Paralititan
Saltasaurus

Theropoda

Zupaysaurus
Dilophosaurus
Piveteausaurus
Deltadromeus
Sinocalliopteryx
Coelurus
Ornitholestes

Coelophysoidea

Coelophysis

Ceratosauria

Ceratosaurus
Carnotaurus
Rajasaurus

Spinosauroidea (Megalosauroidea)

Torvosaurus
Eustreptospondylus
Suchomimus

Carnosauria

Yangchuanosaurus
Allosaurus
Acrocanthosaurus

Tyrannosauroidea

Eotyrannus
Gorgosaurus
Tyrannosaurus

Ornithomimosauria

Gallimimus
Struthiomimus

Therizinosauroidea

Beipiaosaurus

Alvarezsauroidea

Shuvuuia

Oviraptorosauria

Avimimus
Nomingia
Oviraptor

Troodontidae

Saurornithoides

Dromaeosauridae

Rahonavis
Saurornitholestes
Velociraptor
Utahraptor

Avialae (Vögel i. w. S.)

Archaeopteryx
Iberomesornis

Siehe auch: Biologische Systematik, Systematik der Vögel, Gefiederte Dinosaurier

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ Harry G. Seeley: The classification of the Dinosauria. In: Report of the Fifty-Seventh Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science held at Manchester in August and September 1887. ISSN 0262-690X, S. 698–699, Digitalisat.
  2. ↑ K Padian: Palaeontology: Dividing the dinosaurs. In: Nature. 543. Jahrgang, 2017, S. 494–495, PMID 28332523 (nature.com).
  3. ↑ MG Baron, Norman DB, Barrett PM: A new hypothesis of dinosaur relationships and early dinosaur evolution. In: Nature. 543. Jahrgang, 2017, S. 501–506, PMID 28332513.
  4. ↑ Alexandra Grass: Paläontologie. Dino-Stammbaum neu. Wiener Zeitung, 23. März 2017, abgerufen am 17. April 2017.
  5. ↑ Frank Patalong: Neuordnung. Studie stellt Dinosaurier-Stammbaum in Frage. Spiegel Online, 23. März 2017, abgerufen am 17. April 2017.
  6. ↑ TH Huxley: On the classification of the Dinosauria with observations on the Dinosauria of the Trias. In: Q J Geol Soc. 26. Jahrgang, 1880, S. 32–51.
  7. ↑ Richard J. Butler, Paul Upchurch, David B. Norman: The phylogeny of the ornithischian dinosaurs. In: Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. Bd. 6, Nr. 1, 2008, ISSN 1477-2019, S. 1–40, doi:10.1017/S1477201907002271.
  8. ↑ Clifford A. Miles, Clark J. Miles: Skull of Minotaurasaurus ramachandrani, a new Cretaceous ankylosaur from the Gobi Desert. In: Current Science. Bd. 96, Nr. 1, 2009, ISSN 0011-3891, S. 65–70, online (PDF; 1,04 MB).
  9. ↑ Michael E. Burns: Taxonomic utility of ankylosaur (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) osteoderms: Glyptodontopelta mimus Ford, 2000: a test case. In: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Bd. 28, Nr. 4, 2008, ISSN 0272-4634, S. 1102–1109, doi:10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1102.
  10. ↑ Kenneth Carpenter, Jeff Bartlett, John Bird, Reese Barrick: Ankylosaurs from the Price River Quarries, Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), east-central Utah. In: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Bd. 28, Nr. 4, 2008, S. 1089–1101, doi:10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1089.
  11. ↑ David C. Evans, Ryan K. Schott, Derek W. Larson, Caleb M. Brown, Michael J. Ryan: The oldest North American pachycephalosaurid and the hidden diversity of small-bodied ornithischian dinosaurs. In: Nature Communications. Bd. 4, Article Nr. 1828, 2013, doi:10.1038/ncomms2749.
  12. ↑ Nicholas R. Longrich, Julia Sankey, Darren Tanke: Texacephale langstoni, a new genus of pachycephalosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the upper Campanian Aguja Formation, southern Texas, USA. In: Cretaceous Research. Bd. 31, Nr. 2, 2010, ISSN 0195-6671, S. 274–284, doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.12.002.
  13. ↑ Yuong-Nam Lee, Michael J. Ryan, Yoshitsugu Kobayashi: The first ceratopsian dinosaur from South Korea. In: Naturwissenschaften. Bd. 98, Nr. 1, 2010, S. 39–49, doi:10.1007/s00114-010-0739-y.
  14. ↑ James I. Kirkland, Donald D. DeBlieux: New basal centrosaurine ceratopsian skulls from the Wahweap Formation (Middle Campanian), Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, southern Utah. In: Michael J. Ryan, Brenda J. Chinnery-Allgeier, David A. Eberth (Hrsg.): New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs. The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium. Indiana University Press, Bloomington IN 2010, ISBN 978-0-253-35358-0, S. 117–140.
  15. ↑ Andrew T. McDonald, John R. Horner: New Material of „Styracosaurus“ ovatus from the Two Medicine Formation of Montana. In: Michael J. Ryan, Brenda J. Chinnery-Allgeier, David A. Eberth (Hrsg.): New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs. The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium. Indiana University Press, Bloomington IN 2010, ISBN 978-0-253-35358-0, S. 156–168.
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