Polonismus

Als Polonismus bezeichnet man Begriffe und Wörter aus der polnischen Sprache, die den Weg in andere Sprachen gefunden haben. Ein solcher Einfluss äußerte sich in der Übernahme von Wörtern aus der polnischen Sprache vor allem in ostslawische Sprachen (belarussisch, ukrainisch, russisch) und ins Deutsche.

Beispiele von Polonismen im Deutschen

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  • Grenze (von mittelhochdeutsch grenize, greniz)[1] – von altpoln. granica, grańca
  • Gurke[1] – von altpoln. ogórek
  • dalli – von poln. dalej („weiter“)
  • Ogonek – deutsch Schwänzchen
  • Rendzina – von poln. Rędzina[2]
  • Rotmistrz – Rittmeister
  • Stieglitz (poln. szczygieł), Zeisig (poln. czyżyk) und andere Vogelarten[3]
  • Säbel (von mhd. sabel) – wahrscheinlich über das polnische szabla[1]
  • die Pferderasse Konik – deutsch Pferdchen

Siehe auch

Literatur

Wiktionary: Polonismus – Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ a b c Ryszard Lipczuk: Deutsche Entlehnungen im Polnischen - Geschichte, Sachbereiche, Reaktionen. In: Linguistik Online. Band 8, Nr. 1, 2001, S. 1–15, doi:10.13092/lo.8.976 (bop.unibe.ch [abgerufen am 13. April 2020]).
  2. ↑ Rendzina. In: Duden. Abgerufen am 21. Juni 2021.
  3. ↑ Spuren. In: Die Zeit, Nr. 12/1986; benennt: Pflug (plug), Jauche (jucha), Quark (twaróg), Graupe (krupa), Gurke (ogórek), Peitsche (bicz), Knute (knut), Grenze (granica), Stieglitz (szczygiel), Zeisig (czyzyk), Zander (sandacz), Plötze (plocica), Karausche (karaś).

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