Niederländisch-Guayana

Lage von Niederländisch-Guayana
Historische Karte mit dem Gebiet um 1700

Niederländisch-Guayana (niederländisch Nederlands-Guyana oder Nederlands-Guiana) war der Sammelname für niederländische Kolonien an der nordöstlichen Küste von Südamerika. Bis 1975 wurde der Name noch für dessen letzten Rest Suriname benutzt.

Geschichte

Bereits ab 1600 hatten Niederländer kleinere Handelsposten an den Flüssen Pomeroon im Westen und Suriname im Osten angelegt. Nach der Gründung der Westindien-Kompanie (WIC) im Jahre 1621 gehörten die Kolonien Pomeroon, Essequibo (einschl. Demerara) und Berbice zum Handelsmonopol-Gebiet der WIC. Nachdem 1674 mit dem Frieden von Westminster Suriname formell an die Niederlande gefallen war, bezeichnete man diesen gesamten Bereich auch als Niederländisch-Guayana. Das Gebiet umfasste das heutige Suriname und Guyana.

Während der Koalitionskriege und des Britisch-Französischen Kolonialkonflikts besetzten die Briten von 1799 bis 1802 und erneut ab 1804 das Gebiet. Durch den Britisch-Niederländischen Vertrag von 1814 wurde Niederländisch-Guayana aufgeteilt. Die westlichen Kolonien Demerara, Essequibo und Berbice, das spätere Britisch-Guayana, kamen an das Vereinigte Königreich. Östlich von Niederländisch-Guayana entstand Französisch-Guyana. Im Tausch für die verlorenen Gebiete wurde 1815 das Vereinigte Königreich der Niederlande aus der ehemaligen Batavischen Republik, den Österreichischen Niederlanden und dem Hochstift Lüttich gebildet.

1975 wurde Suriname als letzter Rest Niederländisch-Guayanas vom Königreich der Niederlande unabhängig, dessen autonomer Bestandteil es zuletzt war. Es hatte zu diesem Zeitpunkt eine Fläche von 163.265 km² und rund 432.000 Einwohner.[1]

Siehe auch

Literatur

  • Cornelis Ch. Goslinga: The Dutch in the Caribbean and in the Guianas 1680–1791. van Gorcum, Assen 1985.
  • Frank van de Kreeke: Essequebo en Demerary, 1741–1781: beginfase van de Britse overname. Universiteit Leiden, Leiden 2013.
  • Johan C. van Langen: De Britse overname van de Nederlandse koloniën Demerary, Essequebo en Berbice. Van economische overvleugeling naar politieke overheersing 1740–1815. Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam 2003.
  • Pieter Marinus Netscher: Geschiedenis van de koloniën Essequebo, Demerary en Berbice, van de vestiging der Nederlanders aldaar tot op onzen tijd. Nijhoff, 's-Gravenhage 1888.

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ Bibliographisches Institut (Hrsg.): Meyers Jahreslexikon 1975/76. Was war wichtig? 1.7.1975 – 30.6.1976. Meyers Lexikonverlag, Mannheim 1976, ISBN 3-411-01365-6, S. 122, 124.

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