Infulierter Prälat

Thomas Denter als infulierter Abt der Zisterzienserabtei Marienstatt

Infulierter Prälat (lateinisch infulatus; italienisch abate mitrato; polnisch Infułat) bezeichnet einen Welt- oder Ordenspriester, der, ohne Bischof zu sein, das Privileg hat, bei Gottesdiensten das bischöfliche Gewand (Pontifikalien) zu tragen, bestehend aus Mitra mit Infuln, Bischofsstab, Dalmatik, Tunicella, Pontifikalhandschuhen, Pontifikalstrümpfen und Pontifikalschuhen. Die päpstliche Erlaubnis (Indult) zum Tragen der Pontifikalkleidung wird Infulat genannt, der Verleihungsakt hierzu heißt Infulierung.

Geschichte

Seit dem 13. Jahrhundert wurde Äbten sowie anderen Ordensoberen (etwa Prioren) der vier klassischen Prälatenorden[1] Benediktiner, Zisterzienser, Prämonstratenser und Augustiner-Chorherren das Recht zugesprochen, die bischöfliche Mitra mit Infuln und den Krummstab als Insignien zu führen.[2] Das Infulat wurde entweder einer Person auf Lebenszeit verliehen oder es war an einen Ort, d. h. an eine Abtei, ein bestimmtes Priorat oder Pfarramt geknüpft, dann wurden alle, die diese Position übernahmen, zu Infulaten.[3]

Im Alten Reich und in der Habsburgermonarchie gab es u. a. infulierte Dompröpste, Domdechanten und Domscholaster.[4] Infulierte Ordensleute waren die Äbte („infulierte Äbte“) einiger Klöster, die nicht der bischöflichen Jurisdiktion unterlagen (exemte oder immediate Abteien).[3] Auch Pröpste eines Kollegiatstiftes konnten dieses Privileg erhalten, so etwa der infulierte Propst des Kollegiatstifts Altötting.

Andere Bezeichnungen

In Polen ist für infulierte Geistliche und Ordensleute der Titel Infułat üblich.[3] In den Kirchen des byzantinischen Ritus wird ein infulierter Prälat als Mitrat bezeichnet.[5]

Literatur

  • Eduard Eichmann, Klaus Mörsdorf: Lehrbuch des Kirchenrechts auf Grund des Codex Iuris Canonici. Bd. 1: Einleitung, Allgemeiner Teil und Personenrecht. Paderborn 1953, S. 392–395.
  • Infulierter Abt. (PDF; 8,4 kB) In: Kritische Online-Edition der Nuntiaturberichte Eugenio Pacellis (1917–1929). 23. Februar 2017; (Schlagwort Nr. 22050).

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ Prälatenorden. In: orden.online.de. 8. November 2008, abgerufen am 16. August 2021.
  2. ↑ Inful. In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon. 4. Auflage. Band 8, Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts, Leipzig/Wien 1885–1892, S. 947.
  3. ↑ a b c Infułat. In: Zygmunt Gloger: Encyklopedja Staropolska Ilustrowana. Bd. 2. P. Laskauera i W. Babickiego, Warschau 1900, S. 271 f. (polnisch)
  4. ↑ Georg Russinger: Generalschematismus des geistlichen Personalstandes der Diözese Linz umfassend die Jahre 1885 bis 1915. Erg.-Bd. 1/1916. Verlag des katholischen Preßvereines, Linz 1916, S. 4, urn:nbn:at:AT-OOeLB-2087825 (der Oberösterreichischen Landesbibliothek).
  5. ↑ Trauer um Prälat Alexander Ostheim-Dzerowycz. Stiftung Pro Oriente, 7. April 2015, abgerufen am 19. Juli 2020.

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