Glutathionperoxidase

Glutathionperoxidase 1

Bänder- und Oberflächenmodell nach PDB 2F8A
Vorhandene Strukturdaten: 2f8a
Eigenschaften des menschlichen Proteins
Masse/Länge Primärstruktur	201 AS; 21,9 kDa
Sekundär- bis Quartärstruktur	Homotetramer
Bezeichner
Gen-Namen	GPX1 ; GSHPX-1
Externe IDs	OMIM: 138320 UniProt P07203 CAS-Nummer: 9013-66-5
Enzymklassifikation
EC, Kategorie	1.11.1.9, Oxidoreduktase
Reaktionsart	Redoxreaktion
Substrat	2 Glutathion + H₂O₂
Produkte	Glutathiondisulfid + 2 H₂O
Vorkommen
Homologie-Familie	Thioredoxin
Übergeordnetes Taxon	Lebewesen

Die Glutathionperoxidasen katalysieren die Glutathion-abhängige Reduktion von organischen Peroxiden und Wasserstoffperoxid. Im katalytischen Zentrum tragen sie L-Selenocystein, ein Derivat des L-Serins bzw. des L-Cysteins. Auch die Phospholipidhydroperoxid-Glutathionperoxidase gehört zur Familie der Glutathionperoxidasen.

Besondere Bedeutung erlangen Glutathion-Peroxidasen als Bestandteil der zellulären Abwehr gegen die Folgen von oxidativem Stress. Störungen in der Funktion solcher Selenoproteine gehen mit Mangelsyndromen wie der Keshan- und Kaschin-Beck-Krankheit einher und mögen eine Rolle bei der Tumorentstehung, bei der Atherosklerose und – in Konjugation mit 4-Hydroxynonenalen – bei neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen spielen.^[1]

Katalysierte Reaktion

Die Reaktion lässt sich grob in folgende Einzelschritte unterteilen:

Enzym-Selenocystein-SeH + H₂O₂ ${\ce {->}}$ Enzym-Selenocystein-SeOH + H₂O
Enzym-Selenocystein-SeOH + GSH ${\ce {->}}$ GS-Se-Selenocystein-Enzym + H₂O
GS-Se-Selenocystein-Enzym + GSH ${\ce {->}}$ Enzym-Selenocystein-SeH + GSSG

Als Gesamtreaktion ergibt sich also:

2 GSH + H₂O₂ ${\ce {->}}$ 2 H₂O + GSSG

Das bei der Reaktion entstandene Glutathiondisulfid (GSSG) wird durch das Enzym Glutathiondisulfid-Reduktase mittels NADPH/H⁺ als Reduktionsmittel wieder zu zwei Molekülen Glutathion regeneriert.

Weblinks

Wikibooks: Biochemie und Pathobiochemie: Glutathion-Stoffwechsel – Lern- und Lehrmaterialien

Einzelnachweise

↑ K. Aoyama, K. Matsubara, S. Kobayashi: Aging and oxidative stress in progressive supranuclear palsy. In: Eur J Neurol. 13(1), Jan 2006, S. 89–92. (engl.)

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