Hranice (Přerov)

Hranice
Hranice Rediger på Wikidata
Hranices byvåben Hranices byflag
Overblik
Land Tjekkiet
BorgmesterDaniel Vitonský[1][2] Rediger på Wikidata
Postnr.753 00, 753 01, 753 54, 753 61 Rediger på Wikidata
Demografi
Indbyggere 18.024 (2024) Rediger på Wikidata
 - Areal49,8 km²
 - Befolknings­tæthed362 pr. km²
Andet
Højde m.o.h.250 m Rediger på Wikidata
Hjemmesidewww.mesto-hranice.cz
Oversigtskort
Hranice ligger i Tjekkiet
Hranice
Hranice
Hranices beliggenhed i Tjekkiet 49°33′9″N 17°46′6″Ø / 49.55250°N 17.76833°Ø / 49.55250; 17.76833

Hranice (tjekkisk udtale: [ˈɦraɲɪtsɛ]; tysk: Weißkirchen eller Mährisch Weißkirchen) er en by i distriktet Přerov i regionen Olomouc i Tjekkiet med omkring 18.000 indbyggere. Den historiske bymidte er velbevaret og er beskyttet ved lov som en urban monumentzone . Byen er kendt for ferskvandsgrotten Hranice Abyss.

Inddeling

Hranice består af ni bydele og landsbyer:  Město, Lhotka, Velká, Drahotuše, Rybáře, Valšovice, Slavíč, Středolesí, og Uhřínov

Středolesí og Uhřínov udgør en eksklave af det kommunale område.

Etymologi

Navnet Hranice betyder bogstaveligt talt "grænse". Det kaldes undertiden Hranice na Moravě ("Hranice i Mähren") for at skelne fra andre steder med samme navn.

Geografi

Hranice ligger omkring 22 km nordøst for Přerov og 33 km øst for Olomouc. Den ligger hovedsageligt i lavlandet Den mähriske port. Eksklaven for kommunens område ligger i bjergkæden Nízký Jeseník og indeholder det højeste punkt i Hranice, som er bakken Studená på 626 m over havets overflade. Floden Bečva løber gennem byen.

Den dybeste skaktgrotte i Tjekkiet, Hranice Abyss med en dybde på 473,5 meter, ligger ved byen. Med en vanddybde på 404 meter er den også den dybeste oversvømmede afgrund i verden.[3]

Historie

Den første skriftlige omtale af Hranice er i et forfalsket dokument fra 1169. Ifølge de troværdige kilder eksisterede Hranice allerede i slutningen af det 12. århundrede. I 1276 blev Hranice en by. Fra 1420'erne blev byen en ejendom af familien Cimburk, og fra 1499 en ejendom af familien Pernštejn. I 1500- og 1600-tallet skiftede godset ofte ejere.[4]

Indtil 1918 var Hranice en del af Østrig-Ungarn i distriktet med samme navn, en af de 34 Bezirkshauptmannschaften i Mähren.[5]

I Østrig-Ungarns dage,[6] i mellemkrigstiden i Tjekkoslovakiet,[7] og under kommunisttiden[8] var byen hjemsted for et stort militærakademi. Bemærkelsesværdige kandidater omfatter ærkehertug Wilhelm af Østrig og Herman Potočnik.[6]

Jødisk kirkegård
Hranice Slot

Referencer

  1. ^ Navnet er anført på engelsk og stammer fra Wikidata hvor navnet endnu ikke findes på dansk.
  2. ^ Deník.cz, hentet 6. november 2023 (fra Wikidata).
  3. ^ "Hranická propast" (tjekkisk). Město Hranice. Hentet 31. maj 2021.
  4. ^ "Historie města" (tjekkisk). Město Hranice. Hentet 31. maj 2021.
  5. ^ Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm Klein, 1967
  6. ^ a b Snyder, Timothy (28. september 2010). The Red Prince: The Secret Lives of a Habsburg Archduke. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465018970. Hentet 7. november 2013.
  7. ^ White, Lewis M. (2000). On all fronts: Czechs and Slovaks in World War II. East European Monographs. ISBN 9780880334563. Hentet 7. november 2013.
  8. ^ Gaďourek, Ivan (1953). The Political Control of Czechoslovakia: Study in Social Control of a Soviet Satellite State. Kroese. s. 72.

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