Græsk-tyrkiske krig (1919-1922)

For andre konflikter mellem Grækenland og Tyrkiet/Det Osmanniske Rige, se Græsk-tyrkiske krig
Den græsk-tyrkiske krig
Del af Den tyrkiske uafhængighedskrig
Græsk angreb
Græsk angreb
Dato Maj 1919 – oktober 1922
Sted Vestanatolien
Resultat Tyrkisk sejr, Lausanne-traktaten
Parter
 Grækenland
 Storbritannien 		Osmanniske Rige Tyrkiske nationalbevægelse
 Sovjetisk Rusland[1]
Ledere
Leonidas Paraskevopoulos
Anastasios Papoulas
Georgios Hatzianestis 		Kemal Atatürk
Fevzi Çakmak
İsmet İnönü
Ali Fuat Cebesoy
Styrke
200.000 mand 208.000 mand (plus landsbybeboere)
Tab
23.500 omkomne
20.820 taget til fange 		20.540 omkomne
10.000 såret

Den græsk-tyrkiske krig 1919–1922 (krigen i Lilleasien eller det græske felttog i den tyrkiske uafhængighedskrig) var en række militære sammenstød under opdelingen af det Osmanniske Rige efter 1. verdenskrig mellem maj 1919 og oktober 1922. Krigen blev udkæmpet mellem Grækenland og den tyrkiske nationalbevægelses styrker, som senere etablerede Republikken Tyrkiet.

Det græske felttog blev indledt, fordi de vestlige allierede og særligt den britiske premierminister David Lloyd George havde lovet Grækenland de områder ved det Ægæiske Hav, hvor der boede grækere. Felttoget endte med, at Grækenland måtte opgive landområderne de havde vundet under krigen, og at grænserne blev, som de var før krigen. Et resultat af krigen var også folkeudvekslingen mellem Tyrkiet og Grækenland som følge af Lausanne-traktaten, der indebar, at 500.000 muslimer forlod Grækenland, og at 1.500.000 kristne forlod Lilleasien.

Grækenlands mislykkede militære operationer og Ententemagternes tab i den tyrkisk-armenske og den fransk-tyrkiske krig mod de tyrkiske revolutionsstyrker tvang dem tilbage til forhandlingsbordet, hvor de både måtte opgive Sèvres-traktaten for den nye traktat i Lausanne og godkende Republikken Tyrkiets selvstændighed og republikkens suverænitet over Østthrakien og Anatolien.

Litteratur

  • Akçam, Taner (2006). A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility. New York: Metropolitan Books.
  • Milton, Giles (2008). Paradise Lost: Smyrna 1922: The Destruction of Islam's City of Tolerance (Paperback udgave). London: Sceptre; Hodder & Stoughton Ltd. ISBN 9780340962343. Hentet 2010-07-28.
  • Shaw, Stanford Jay; Shaw, Ezel Kural (1977). History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. Cambridge University Press.
  • Toynbee, Arnold J (1922). The Western question in Greece and Turkey: A study in the contact of civilisations. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Kinross, Lord (1960). Atatürk: The Rebirth of a Nation. ISBN 0297820362.
  • Papatheu, Katerina (2007). Greci e turchi. Appunti fra letteratura, musica e storia. Roma-Catania: Bonanno Editore.

Henvisninger

  1. ^ Jelavich, Barbara (1983). History of the Balkans: Twentieth century. Cambridge University Press. s. 131. ISBN 978-0-521-27459-3.

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