Tŵr Llundain

Tŵr Llundain
Mathcastell, amgueddfa, safle archaeolegol, atyniad twristaidd, amgueddfa annibynnol Edit this on Wikidata
Ardal weinyddolBwrdeistref Llundain Tower Hamlets, Llundain
Sefydlwyd
  • 1066 Edit this on Wikidata
Daearyddiaeth
SirLlundain Fwyaf
(Sir seremonïol)
GwladBaner Lloegr Lloegr
GerllawAfon Tafwys Edit this on Wikidata
Cyfesurynnau51.5082°N 0.076198°W Edit this on Wikidata
Cod OSTQ3358580570 Edit this on Wikidata
Cod postEC3N 4AB Edit this on Wikidata
Map
Arddull pensaernïolpensaernïaeth Normanaidd Edit this on Wikidata
PerchnogaethCharles III Edit this on Wikidata
Statws treftadaethSafle Treftadaeth y Byd, heneb gofrestredig Edit this on Wikidata
Sefydlwydwyd ganWiliam I, brenin Lloegr Edit this on Wikidata
Manylion
DeunyddReigate stone, rag-stone, mudstone, carreg Caen Edit this on Wikidata
[golygwch ar Wicidata]

Heneb hanesyddol yng nghanol Llundain yw Tŵr Llundain (Saesneg Tower of London). Saif ar lan ogleddol Afon Tafwys o fewn bwrdeistref Tower Hamlets yn gyfagos i Tower Hill. Prif adeilad y tŵr yw'r Tŵr Gwyn, y gaer betryal wreiddiol a adeiladwyd gan Gwilym Gwncwerwr ym 1078. Mae'r tŵr cyfan yn cynnwys nifer o adeiladau eraill o fewn dau gylch o fagwyr amddiffynnol a ffos. Defnyddid y tŵr fel caer, fel palas brenhinol ac fel carchar, yn enwedig ar gyfer carcharorion uchel eu statws.

Gan fod y Tŵr o bwysigrwydd hanesyddol, ac yn enwedig oherwydd ei rôl eiconig fel adlewyrchiad goresgyniad milwrol diwethaf Lloegr, mae ar restr UNESCO o Safleoedd Treftadaeth y Byd ers 1988.[1]

Gruffudd ap Llywelyn

Cafodd Gruffudd ap Llywelyn, fab Llywelyn Fawr, ei garcharu yn Nhŵr Llundain. Ceisiodd Gruffudd ddianc o'r tŵr. Roedd yn cael ei ddal mewn stafell gymharol foethus ar un o'r lloriau uchaf. Dywedir iddo syrthio i'w farwolaeth wrth geisio ddringo i lawr a dianc, a hynny ar Ddydd Gŵyl Dewi, 1244.

Cofnododd yr hanesydd Mathew Paris y digwyddiad:

Tra'r oedd dis ffawd yn dylanwadu ar ddigwyddiadau'r byd fel hyn, yr oedd Gruffudd, mab hynaf Llywelyn, Tywysog Gwynedd, o hyd yn gaeth yng ngharchar yn Nhŵr Llundain... Un noswaith, ar ôl iddo dwyllo'i geidwaid, a phlethu cortyn o gynfasau'i wely a thapestrïau a llieiniau bwrdd, fe'i gollyngodd ei hun, gyda'r rhaff hon, yn syth i lawr o ben y Tŵr. Ac yntau wedi dod i lawr beth ffordd, fe dorrodd y cortyn dan bwysau ei gorff, oherwydd yr oedd ef yn ddyn corfforol a helaeth ei faint, a syrthiodd yntau o uchder mawr; a thrwy hyn fe dorrodd ei wddf a marw.[2]

Cyfeiriadau

  1. ↑ "Tower of London". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. UNESCO. Cyrchwyd 31 Mai 2019.
  2. ↑ Cyfieithiad o'r Lladin yn David Fraser, Yr Amddiffynwyr (Caerdydd, 1967), t. 118.

Gweler hefyd

Eginyn erthygl sydd uchod am Lundain. Gallwch helpu Wicipedia drwy ychwanegu ato.

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