Thrace

Thrace
Daearyddiaeth

Math	ardal hanesyddol, hen wareiddiad, cenedl

Rhan o'r canlynol	Balcanau, Mediterranean Basin
Gwlad	Bwlgaria, Gwlad Groeg, Twrci
Yn ffinio gyda	Groeg yr Henfyd
Cyfesurynnau	42°N 26°E


[golygwch ar Wicidata]

Mae Thrace (Groeg: Θράκη, Thráki; Groeg Attig: Θρᾴκη Thrāíkē neu Θρῄκη Thrēíkē; Lladin: Thracia) yn ardal yn ne-ddwyrain Ewrop. Heddiw defnyddir Thrace am diriogaeth sy'n ymestyn dros dde-ddwyrain Bwlgaria (Gogledd Thrace), gogledd-ddwyrain Gwlad Groeg (Gorllewin Thrace), a rhan Ewropeaidd Twrci (Dwyrain Thrace). Gelwir y rhan yn Nhwrci hefyd yn "Rumeli". Roedd yr hen Thrace (y tiriogaethau lle roedd y Thraciaid yn byw) hefyd yn cynnwys rhan o ddwyrain Serbia a dwyrain Gweriniaeth Macedonia.

Roedd y Thraciaid wedi ei rhannu yn nifer o lwythau, heb fod wedi uno yn un wladwriaeth. Ymsefydlodd rhai Groegiaid yno o'r 6g CC. ymlaen, a chafodd diwylliant Groeg gryn ddylanwad yn yr ardal. Ymddangosodd rhai Thraciaid, megis Orpheus, ym mytholeg Roeg. Daeth yr ardal yn rhan o Ymerodraeth Persia wedi iddi gael ei choncro gan Darius Fawr yn 513 cC - 512 CC. Wedi i'r Persiaid encilio, rhannwyd Thrace yn dair rhan. Yn y 4g CC. concrwyd Thrace gan Philip II, brenin Macedon a bu dan reolaeth y Macedoniaid hyd nes i'r Rhufeiniaid eu gorchfygu ym Mrwydr Pydna yn 168 CC. a chymeryd meddiant o Thrace. Yn 279 CC, symudodd Celtiaid o Gâl i Thrace ac ymsefydlu yno hyd ddiwedd y ganrif.

Am gyfnod, roedd Thrace yn nifer o deyrnasoedd hanner-annibynnol dan reolaeth Rhufain, ond wedi cyfnod o derfysg daeth yn dalaith Rufeinig Thracia yn 46. Roedd y llengoedd yn Moesia yn gyfrifol am ddiogelwch y dalaith. Yn ddiweddarach bu ymladd am Thrace rhwng yr Ymerodraeth Fysantaidd a Bwlgaria, nes i'r Ymerodraeth Otomanaidd gymeryd meddiant o'r ardal yn y 14g a dal gafael arni am bum canrif.

Thraciaid enwog

Orpheus mewn mytholeg.
Democritus athronydd a mathemategydd Groegaidd o Abdera, Thrace
Protagoras athronydd Groegaidd o Abdera.
Spartacus arweinydd gwrthryfel y caethweision yn erbyn Rhufain.
Maximinus Thrax, Ymerawdwr Rhufeinig.

Llyfryddiaeth

Hoddinott, R.F., The Thracians, 1981.
Ilieva, Sonya, Thracology, 2001

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