Cyfraith Moelmud

Cyfraith Moelmud
Enghraifft o:codeiddio, system gyfreithiol Edit this on Wikidata
Mathcyfraith Edit this on Wikidata
GwladBaner Cymru Cymru
IaithCymraeg, Lladin yr Oesoedd Canol Edit this on Wikidata
Cysylltir gydaDyfnwal Moelmud Edit this on Wikidata
Dechrau/Sefydlu5 g Edit this on Wikidata
Olynwyd ganCyfraith Hywel Edit this on Wikidata
GwladwriaethCymru Edit this on Wikidata

Cyfraith y Cymry (neu'r Brythoniaid) a grewyd yn ystod teyrnasiaid y Brenin Dyfnwal Moelmud yw Cyfreithiau Moelmud,[1] a addaswyd yn 945 gan Hywel Dda. Nid oes tystiolaeth bendant ai person chwedlonol neu ai person hanesyddol ydoedd, ond credir fod corff o ddeddfau'n boboli cyn Hywel Dda, a'u bod yn debyg iawn mewn llawer o agweddau at Ddeddfau'r Gwyddel.

Cyfeirir at Dyfnwal yn Lladin ac yn Saesneg fel Dunvallo Molmutius.[2] Disgrifiwyd Cyfraith Moelmud (neu Gyfraith Cymru) tua'r 1130au gan Sieffre o Fynwy yn ei Historia Regum Britanniae.[3] Ychydig a wyddys am y cyfreithiau hyn; mae'r cyfreithiau Cymreig sydd wedi goroesi'n nodi dim ond bod cyfreithiau Dyfnwal wedi cael eu disodli i raddau helaeth gan y codau newydd a sefydlwyd gan Hywel Da.[4] Dywedwyd hefyd i Hywel gadw unedau mesur Cymreig.

Ymddengys Dyfnwal Moelmud mewn achau o'r 10g o Harleian MS. 3859 (Cymmrodor, ix. 174) lle dywedir ei fod yn ŵyr i Coel Odebog. Dywed Sieffre o Fynwy ei fod yn fab i Cloten, brenin Cernyw, a dywed fod y cyfreithiau a luniwyd ganddo ef yn dal mewn defnydd ymhlith y Saeson hefyd.[5]

Cyfraith cynharach

Roedd Cyfraith Cymru yn fath o gyfraith Geltaidd, gyda llawer o nodweddion tebyg rhyngddi hi a Chyfraith Brehon yr Iwerddon, ac roedd elfennau tebyg ag arferion a therminoleg y Brythoniaid oedd yn byw yn Ystrad Clud.[6] Cafodd Cyfraith Cymru ei throsglwyddo ar lafar ar draws y cenedlaethau gan y beirdd a phobl ddysgedig yn y gyfraith. Ni chafodd ei threfnu a’i strwythuro tan deyrnasiad Hywel Dda ganol y 10g.

Ffuglen a ffaith

Bu Iolo Morganwg wrthi'n bocha gyda'r ffeithiau; ymddangosodd gwybodaeth a ystyrir heddiw'n ffug am Ddyfnawl.

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

  1. ↑ Cooper, Alan (December 2000). "The King's Four Highways: legal fiction meets fictional law". Journal of Medieval History 26 (4): 351–370. doi:10.1016/s0304-4181(00)00011-7. ISSN 0304-4181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4181(00)00011-7.
  2. ↑ Bremmer Jr, Rolf H. (2022-07-12). "The Reception of the Old English Version of Gregory the Great’s Dialogues between the Conquest and the Close of the Nineteenth Century". Medieval English and Dutch Literatures: The European Context: 29–52. doi:10.1017/9781800105997.004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781800105997.004.
  3. ↑ Levelt, Sjoerd (2002-01-01), "‘This book, attractively composed to form a consecutive and orderly narrative’: The Ambiguity of Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia regum Britannie", The Medieval Chronicle II (BRILL): 130–143, ISBN 978-90-04-48765-9, http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004487659_013, adalwyd 2024-01-03
  4. ↑ Bartrum, Peter Clement (1993). A Welsh Classical Dictionary, people in History and Legend up to about A.D. 1000. National Library of Wales.
  5. ↑ Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Moelmud, Dyfnwal; Cyfrol 38; Moelmud, Dyfnwal gan John Edward Lloyd; adalwyd 9 Hydref 2024.
  6. ↑ Lloyd, John Edward (1911). A history of Wales from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest. Kelly - University of Toronto. London, New York [etc.] Longmans, Green, and co.

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