Criced

Mae criced yn gamp bat a phêl ym myd chwaraeon sydd gan amlaf yn cael ei chwarae rhwng dau dîm o un ar ddeg chwaraewr. Caiff ei chwarae ar gae gwair newydd ei dorri (sydd fel arfer yn siap ofal) a sydd â 'llain' o dir, dwy lath ar hugain o hyd, sy'n ddi-wair ar y cyfan. Chwaraeir y gêm gan 120 miliwn o bobl drwy'r byd, mewn nifer o wledydd, gan ei gwneud yr ail gamp fwyaf poblogaidd.^[1] Mae tri math o griced - criced undydd (50 pelawd ar lefel ryngwladol), criced 5 niwrnod a chriced 20 pelawd.

Ar bob pen y llain, mae strwythur pren wedi ei ffurfio o dri pholyn paralel, fertigol (a elwir yn 'stympiau') wedi eu gyrru i mewn i'r ddaear a dau ddarn croes (caten/catiau) yn gorwedd ar ben y stympiau. Gelwir y strwythurau hyn yn 'wicedi'. Bydd un o chwaraewyr y tîm sy'n maesu (y 'bowliwr') yn bowlio pêl ledr o un wiced tuag at y wiced arall, gan geisio ei tharo. Wedi ei 'bowlio', fel arfer, bydd y bêl yn adlamu unwaith oddi ar y llain cyn cyrraedd chwaraewr o'r tîm arall (y 'batiwr'), sy'n amddiffyn y wiced rhag y bêl gyda bat criced pren. Ceir 6 phelen mewn 'pelawd' a cheir nifer o belawdau mewn gêm ee 20, 40 neu 50.

Mewn criced proffesiynol, mae hyd y gêm yn amrywio o 20 pelawd (Twenty20) (i bob tîm) - i griced prawf a chwaraeir dros gyfnod o bum niwrnod. Y 'Cyngor Criced Rhyngwladol' (yr ICC) a Chlwb Criced Marylebone (MCC) sy'n gyfrifol am gyfreithiau'r gêm undydd a phrawf.^[2]

Dywedir i griced gael ei chwarae yn gyntaf yn ne Lloegr tua'r 16eg ganrif ac erbyn y 18fed ganrif datblygodd i fod yn brif gamp genedlaethol yn Lloegr. Lledodd y chwarae i nifer o wledydd yr Ymerodraeth Brydeinig a chwaraewyd y gêm ryngwladol gyntaf ganol y 19eg ganrif. Mae gan yr ICC ddeg aelod llawn (deg gwlad) a 37 o aelodau cysylltiol.^[3] O ran niferoedd mae criced yn fwyaf poblogaidd yn Awstralia, Lloegr, India, Pacistan, India'r Gorllewin a gwledydd de Affrica.

Geirdarddiad

"Creckett" oedd y sillafiad gwreiddiol a chofnodwyd hynny mewn llys barn yn Surrey yn 1598.^[4] Mae'n bosibl mai tarddiad y gair ydy cricc neu cryce sef yr Hen Saesneg am ffon gerdded, neu fagl.^[5] Mae Samuel Johnson yn ei eiriadur Dictionary, yn nodi mai o'r gair Sacsoneg "cryce, y daw, sef ffon".^[6] Fodd bynnag, mae'r gair Ffrangeg criquet hefyd yn golygu 'ffon', felly nid oes sicrwydd pendant.^[7]

Cyfeiriadau

↑ Mughal, Khabir Uddin. "Top 10 Most Popular Sports in the World". Sporteology. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 2015-06-27. Cyrchwyd 2015-06-23.
↑ MCC – the official Laws of Cricket. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
↑ CricketArchive – full list of ICC member countries. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
↑ www.cricketanalytix.com; Archifwyd 2016-06-17 yn y Peiriant Wayback adalwyd 22 Gorffennaf 2015
↑ Birley, tud.3
↑ Altham, tud.21
↑ Birley, op. cit.

Dolenni allanol

Gwefan y BBC - Chwaraeon Criced
Gwefan Golwg360 - Criced
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