Vilcabamba (město)

Vilcabamba
Willkapampa (dnes Espíritu Pampa)
Ruiny Vicabamby
Ruiny Vicabamby
Poloha
Souřadnice12°54′14″ j. š., 73°12′11″ z. d.
StátPeruPeru Peru
Vilcabamba
Vilcabamba
Rozloha a obyvatelstvo
Rozloha14,58 km²
Správa
Vznik1539
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Vilcabamba (v ajmarštině a kečuánštině Willkapampa,[1][2][3][4][5] často nazývané také Ztracené město Inků) bylo hlavním městem Novoinckého státu v letech 1539 až 1572, kdy bylo dobyto Španěly. Vilcabamba znamená v kečuánštině „posvátná pláň“.[6] Moderní název pro tyto ruiny Vilcabamby je Espiritu Pampa (Rovina duchů). Vilcabamba se nachází v okrese Echarate v provincii La Convención v peruánském regionu Cuzco.[7]

Novoincký stát byl posledním útočištěm incké říše, dokud v roce 1572 nepodlehl španělským dobyvatelům a jejich domorodým spojencům, což znamenalo konec odporu Inků vůči španělské vládě. Následně byla Vilcabamba opuštěna a její poloha zapomenuta. V roce 1911 se průzkumník Hiram Bingham (objevitel Machu Picchu) setkal s místními Peruánci, kteří mu naznačili, kde tyto ruiny leží. Místní je nazývali Espiritu Pampa. V roce 1964 identifikoval americký objevitel Gene Savoy ruiny Espiritu Pampa jako legendární Vilcabambu, což je označení široce přijímané archeology a historiky.[8]

Vilcabamba nebo Espiritu Pampa se nachází v blízkosti řeky Chontabamba, přítoku řeky Urubamba.[9] Toto hlavní město Inků bylo často označováno jako stará Vilcabamba, aby se odlišilo od nového města Vilcabamba, ležící 35 kilometrů v přímé vzdálenosti jihozápadně, které založili Španělé.

V roce 2010 byly v Espiritu Pampa nalezeny předměty patřící k huarijské kultuře a radiokarbonovou metodou datování bylo zjištěno, že pochází z období kolem roku 700 n. l. Tento objev naznačoval, že místo bylo osídleno dlouho předtím, než se stalo hlavním městem Inků v roce 1539. Od roku 2013 jsou archeologické průzkumy tohoto místa neúplné a ruiny Espiritu Pampa jsou nepřístupné vozidlem.[10]

Odkazy

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Vilcabamba, Peru na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. ↑ Ludovico Bertonio, Transcripción del vocabulario de la lengua aymara
  2. ↑ Teofilo Laime Ajacopa, Diccionario Bilingüe Iskay simipi yuyayk'ancha, La Paz, 2007
  3. ↑ Diccionario Quechua - Español - Quechua, Academía Mayor de la Lengua Quechua, Gobierno Regional Cusco, Cusco 2005
  4. ↑ Mariko Namba Walter, Eva Jane Neumann Fridman, Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture, Vol. 1, p. 439
  5. ↑ Bingham, Hiram III. (2002) The Lost City of the Incas. Centenary edition. New York: Sterling Publ. Co. p. 155.
  6. ↑ MacQuarie, Kim (2007), The Last Days of the Incas, New York: Simon and Schuster, p. 445
  7. ↑ Mapa, [1], accessed 16 Jul 2019
  8. ↑ Hemming, John (1970), The Conquest of the Incas, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., pp. 485-494
  9. ↑ LEE, Vincent H. L. Forgotten Vilcabamba: final stronghold of the Incas. Wilson, Wyoming: Sixpac Manco Publications, 2000. ISBN 978-0-9677109-0-7. 
  10. ↑ Fonseca Santa Cruz, Javier and Bauer, Brian S. (2013) Dating the Wari Remains at Espiritu Pampa (Vilcabamba, Cusco), Andean Past: Vol. 11 , Article 12, s. 113–114, [2], accessed 2 July 2019

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