Thylakoid

Schéma chloroplastu. Zelené útvary ve středu jsou grana, komplexní útvary složené z thylakoidů.

Thylakoidy jsou membránové struktury v sinicích a v chloroplastech řas a vyšších rostlin. Sídlí v nich fotosyntetický aparát a probíhá fotosyntéza. Ačkoli se může zdát, že jsou jednotlivé „články“ naprosto samostatné, ve skutečnosti spolu vždy úzce souvisí a tvoří tak jednotnou strukturu.

Rozlišujeme dva typy thylakoidů:

  • samostatné neboli stromální – mohou tvořit lamely propojující jednotlivá grana.
  • granální – seřazeny na sebe (jako mince, když je dáte jednu přes druhou…), celek se nazývá granum

Základní stavba je prakticky stejná jako stavba cytoplazmatické membrány, thylakoid však obsahuje mnohé proteiny potřebné pro fotosyntézu. Stromální a granální se drobně liší navzájem přítomností určitých proteinů. Thylakoidy jsou obklopeny vnitřním prostředím chloroplastu – stromou – jejich vnitřek však tvoří dutina – lumen.

Externí odkazy

Read other articles:

Village in County Galway, Ireland Village in Connacht, IrelandAughrim EachroimVillageAughrim crossAughrimLocation in IrelandCoordinates: 53°18′15″N 8°19′00″W / 53.304167°N 8.316667°W / 53.304167; -8.316667CountryIrelandProvinceConnachtCountyCounty GalwayElevation115 m (377 ft)Population (2011)[1] • Rural595Time zoneUTC+0 (WET) • Summer (DST)UTC+1 (IST (WEST))Irish Grid ReferenceM785281Websitewww.loughrea.ie Aug...

 

Belgian model Justine De JonckheereBornJustine De Jonckheere[1] (1992-03-24) 24 March 1992 (age 31) [1]Menen, BelgiumHeight1.73 m (5 ft 8 in)[1]Beauty pageant titleholderTitleMiss Belgium 2011Hair colorBlonde[1]Eye colorBrown[1]Majorcompetition(s)Miss Universe 2011 (Unplaced)Miss World 2011 (Unplaced) Justine De Jonckheere (born 24 March 1992) is a Belgian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Belgium 2011 and rep...

 

Aero-13 Fire Control System, termasuk AN-APQ Fire Control Radar, Westinghouse. AN APQ-120 fire control radar pada pesawat F-4E Phantom II. Sistem pengendali tembakan atau Fire-control system (FCS) adalah sejumlah komponen atau sistem komputer di dunia modern yang bekerja bersama-sama, biasanya dengan data komputer, pengarah tembakan, pendeteksi tembakan, dan radar. Alat ini dirancang untuk membantu sistem senjata jarak jauh untuk membidik, melacak, dan mengenai sasaran. Ia melakukan tugas yan...

This article is about the public high school in Northampton, Massachusetts. For the private high school for girls in Northampton, England, see Northampton High School, Northamptonshire. For the public high school in Northampton, Pennsylvania, see Northampton Area High School. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article about school may require cleanup. Please review editi...

 

Padma Vibhushan Diwan Bahadur SirArcot Ramasamy MudaliarKCSIArcot Ramasamy Mudaliar pada 1934 Diwan Kerajaan Mysore ke-24Masa jabatanAgustus 1946 – November 1949Penguasa monarkiJayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur PendahuluN. Madhava RaoPenggantijabatan ditiadakanPresiden Dewan Ekonomi dan Sosial Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa[1]Masa jabatan23 Januari 1946 – 23 Januari 1947 PendahuluTidak adaPenggantiJan PapanekAnggota Kabinet Perang KekaisaranMasa jabatan1942–1945Penguas...

 

Anglo-French investment bank N M Rothschild & Sons and Rothschild & Cie Banque redirect here. For other Rothschild-branded banks, see Rothschild Bank (disambiguation). Rothschild & Co SCACompany typeSCA (under Rothschild family control)IndustryFinancial servicesPredecessorsN M Rothschild & SonsRothschild & Cie BanqueFounded1811; 213 years ago (1811) (as N M Rothschild & Sons)Headquarters23 bis Avenue de Messine, Paris, France New Court, St Swithin's L...

2021 Telugu horror film directed by Ram Gopal Varma DheyyamTheatrical release posterDirected byRam Gopal VarmaWritten byRam Gopal VarmaProduced byJeevitha Rajasekhar Venkata Srinivas Boggaram Natti Kranthi Natti KarunaStarringRaja SekharSwathi DeekshithCinematographySatish MuthyalaEdited bySatya GiduturiPratap Kumar Sanga (Bobby)Music bySai KarthikRelease date 16 April 2021 (2021-04-16)[1] Running time98 minutesCountryIndiaLanguageTelugu Deyyam (transl. The devil)...

 

Синелобый амазон Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:ЗавропсидыКласс:Пт�...

 

Christopher Loeak Presiden Kepulauan MarshallMasa jabatan10 Januari 2012 – 11 Januari 2016PendahuluJurelang ZedkaiaPenggantiCasten Nemra Informasi pribadiLahir11 November 1952 (umur 71)Ailinglaplap, Marshall Islands (daerah jajahan Amerika Serikat)Partai politikIndependenSuami/istriAnono LieomAlma mater Universitas Pasifik Hawaii Gonzaga University Sunting kotak info • L • B Christopher Loeak (lahir 11 November 1952) adalah presiden yang terpilih dari Kepulauan M...

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Mainan tekan – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Mainan tekan adalah jenis mainan yang apabila ditekan akan mengeluarkan bunyi. Salah satu jenis yang populer adalah bebek karet. Bentuk la...

 

Luca Martini, by Bronzino Luca Martini (February 8, 1507 – January 9, 1561) was an Italian engineer, academic, poet, and art patron known for commissioning projects from among other artists Pierino da Vinci and Giorgio Vasari. Biography He was born in Florence to Angelo di Guglielmo and Elena di Filippo Bracciolini, granddaughter of the famous humanist Poggio Bracciolini. Martini was made a member of literary academies at the court of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany in Florence a...

 

Special election to the US House of Representatives 2012 New Jersey's 10th congressional district special election ← 2010 November 6, 2012 (2012-11-06) 2012 → New Jersey's 10th congressional district   Nominee Donald Payne Jr. Party Democratic Popular vote 166,413 Percentage 97.4% Representative before election Donald M. Payne Democratic Elected Representative Donald Payne Jr. Democratic Elections in New Jersey Federal government U.S. President 1...

Contea di BellconteaContea di Bell – VedutaIl tribunale della contea di Bell. LocalizzazioneStato Stati Uniti Stato federato Texas AmministrazioneCapoluogoBelton Data di istituzione1850 TerritorioCoordinatedel capoluogo31°02′24″N 97°28′48″W / 31.04°N 97.48°W31.04; -97.48 (Contea di Bell)Coordinate: 31°02′24″N 97°28′48″W / 31.04°N 97.48°W31.04; -97.48 (Contea di Bell) Superficie2 818 km² Abitanti310 235 (20...

 

Artikel ini bukan mengenai Inquisition (permainan video). Dragon Age: InquisitionBerkas:Dragon Age Inquisition BoxArt.jpg PublikasiGenreBermain peran aksi[3]Bahasa Daftar Inggris, Jerman dan Prancis 60 Karakteristik teknisPlatformPlayStation 4, Xbox One, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 dan Windows MesinFrostbite 3[4]ModePermainan video pemain tunggal dan co-op mode Formatcakram optis dan distribusi digital Informasi pengembangPengembangBioWare EdmontonPenyuntingElectronic Arts Pengara...

 

此條目需要擴充。 (2009年5月13日)请協助改善这篇條目,更進一步的信息可能會在討論頁或扩充请求中找到。请在擴充條目後將此模板移除。 此條目没有列出任何参考或来源。 (2009年5月13日)維基百科所有的內容都應該可供查證。请协助補充可靠来源以改善这篇条目。无法查证的內容可能會因為異議提出而被移除。 南羅德西亞殖民地Colony of Southern Rhodesia1923年-1953年1953年-1965...

Savoury pastry from Malta For the Italian pastry, see U' pastizz 'rtunnar. PastizzTwo varieties of Maltese pastizziTypeSavoury pastryPlace of originMaltaMain ingredientsFilo-like pastry, ricotta or mushy peas  Media: Pastizz A pastizz (pl.: pastizzi) is a traditional savoury pastry from Malta. Pastizzi usually have a filling either of ricotta (pastizzi tal-irkotta or pastizzi tal-ħaxu in Maltese) or curried peas (pastizzi tal-piżelli in Maltese).[1][2] Pastizzi are ...

 

Berlin-related events during the 1920s Part of a series on the History of Berlin Margraviate of Brandenburg (1157–1806) Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918) German Empire (1871–1918) Free State of Prussia (1918–1947) Weimar Republic (1919–1933) 1920s Berlin Assassination of Talat Pasha Greater Berlin Act Nazi Germany (1933–1945) Welthauptstadt Germania Deportation of Jews from Berlin Bombing of Berlin in World War II Battle of Berlin West Germany and East Germany (1945–1990) West Berl...

 

System of tribunals enforcing Catholic orthodoxy This article is about the Inquisition within the Catholic Church. For other uses, see Inquisition (disambiguation). A 19th-century depiction of Galileo before the Holy Office, by Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury The Inquisition was a judicial procedure and a group of institutions within the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy, apostasy, blasphemy, witchcraft, and customs considered deviant. Violence, torture, or the simple threat of its ...

Language family For other uses, see Caspian languages. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Northeast Caucasian languages – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Northeast CaucasianEast CaucasianNakh-DaghestanianNorth CaspianCaspia...

 

1968 book by Jürgen Habermas Knowledge and Human Interests Cover of the first editionAuthorJürgen HabermasOriginal titleErkenntnis und InteresseTranslatorJeremy J. ShapiroLanguageGermanSubjectSociology of knowledgePublisherSuhrkamp Verlag, Heinemann Educational BooksPublication date1968Publication placeGermanyPublished in English1972Media typePrint (Hardcover and Paperback)Pages392 (1987 Polity edition)ISBN0-7456-0459-5 (Polity edition) Knowledge and Human Interests (‹See T...