Smyslový orgán

přiblížený smyslový receptor

Smyslový orgán (smyslový receptor) umožňuje přijímat mechanické, tepelné, chemické či světelné podněty.

Podle druhu podnětu rozlišujeme:

Podle zaměření smyslu rozlišujeme:

  • exteroreceptory pro vnímání vnějších podnětů (hmatové receptory, sluchové receptory, receptory vnímání světla apod.)
  • interoreceptory pro vnímání vnitřních podnětů (mechanoreceptory vnitřních orgánů - pulmonárního napětí, napětí v orgánech trávicí soustavy, napětí ve stěně močového měchýře, senzory tlaku (baroreceptory) v oběhové soustavě apod.; vnitřní chemoreceptory - např. hladiny kyslíku a CO2 v mozku; receptory vnitřní bolesti apod.)
  • proprioreceptory vnímající polohu těla a vzájemnou relativní polohu a pohyb jeho částí (senzory napětí svalů, Golgiho šlachová tělíska, receptory vestibulárního aparátu...)

Receptory mají vždy dvě hlavní stavební a funkční složky: smyslové buňky a nervová vlákna.

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Smyslová soustava / smysly a receptory
základní smyslové orgány
hmat
  • teplota (v pokožce i vnitřních orgánech, teplo i chlad)
  • mechanorecepce (dotyk, tlak/tah, kmitání–postranní čára)
    		•
    receptory a vjemy

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