Süe Süan

Süe Süan
Jiná jménaSüe Te-wen, Ťing-süan
Narození1389
Che-ťin, Šan-si
Úmrtí1464
Zeměříše Ming
Vzděláníťin-š’ (1421)
RodičeXue Zhen
DětiXue Pu
PříbuzníXue Qi[1] (vnuk)
Znám jakofilozof, politik
OvlivněnýČu Si
Vliv naJen Jü-si, Čang Ting, Čang Ťie, Tuan Ťien
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Süe Süan je čínské jméno, v němž Süe je příjmení.

Süe Süan (čínsky pchin-jinem Xuē Xuān, znaky 薛瑄 ; 13891464),[2] byl neokonfuciánský filozof a politik čínské říše Ming.

Jména

Süe Süan používal zdvořilostní jméno Te-wen (čínsky pchin-jinem Déwēn, znaky zjednodušené 德温, tradiční 德溫) a pseudonym Ťing-süan (čínsky pchin-jinem Jìngxuān, znaky zjednodušené 敬轩, tradiční 敬軒). Bylo mu uděleno posmrtné jméno Wen-čching (čínsky pchin-jinem Wénqīng, znaky 文清.

Život

Süe Süan se narodil roku 1389, pocházel z okresu Che-ťin (dnes v městské prefektuře Jün-čcheng) v provincii Šan-si.[2] Úspěšně prošel úřednickými zkouškami, palácové zkoušky absolvoval a hodnost ťin-š’ získal roku 1421, poté nastoupil kariéru ve státní správě. Koncem 30. let sestavil studijní pravidla pro akademii Jeskyně bílého jelena, kde vyučoval.[3]

Ve vládě vystoupal až na pozici náměstka na ministerstvu obřadů a akademika v akademii Chan-lin (Chan-lin süe-š’). Po odchodu z úřadů roku 1457 se věnoval výuce. Byl stoupencem učení Ču Siho, které posunul k postojům zastávaným později Wang Jang-mingem. Prosazoval návrat k přirozenosti (fu-sing).[3] Ve snaze o překonání určité duality Ču Siho myšlení nově formuloval vztah mezi principem (li) a energií (čchi), přičemž odmítal prvotnost jednoho i druhého.[4] K jeho žákům patřili především Jen Jü-si (閻禹錫, 1426–1476), Čang Ting (張鼎, 1431–1495), Čang Ťie (張杰, 15. století) a Tuan Ťien (段堅, 1419–1487).[3] Se svými žáky a stoupenci tvořil chetungskou školu neokonfucianismu.[5]

Jako oficiální výraz uznání obdržel posmrtné jméno Wen-čching.

Odkazy

Reference

  1. Biografická databáze čínských historických postav.
  2. a b THEOBALD, Ulrich. Chinaknowledge - a universal guide for China studies [online]. [cit. 2014-02-27]. Kapitola Persons in Chinese History - Xue Xuan 薛瑄. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 
  3. a b c LIŠČÁK, Vladimír. Konfuciánství od počátků do současnosti. 1. vyd. Praha: Academia, 2013. 468 s. ISBN 978-80-200-2190-8. S. 322–323. 
  4. CHENG, Anne. Dějiny čínského myšlení. Překlad Helena Beguivinová; Olga Lomová, David Sehnal, Dušan Vávra. 1. vyd. Praha: DharmaGaia, 2006. xv + 695 s. ISBN 80-86685-52-7. S. 513. 
  5. HU, Biliang. Informal Institutions and Rural Development in China. Abington, Oxon: Routledge, 2007. 384 s. ISBN 0203947444, ISBN 9780203947449. S. 72–73. (anglicky) 

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