RNA polymeráza II

RNA polymeráza II, zde zachycena v komplexu s alfa-amanitinem, jedem z muchomůrek, jenž na tento enzym působí toxicky[1]

RNA polymeráza II (RNAP II, Pol II) je velmi důležitá eukaryotická RNA polymeráza.[2] Na základě genetické informace uložené v genech v DNA tato polymeráza umožňuje jejich transkripci, čímž vzniká mRNA. RNA polymeráza II totiž přepisuje všechny geny, které kódují bílkoviny, a většinu genů pro snRNA a miRNA;[3][4] ostatní dvě významné eukaryotické polymerázy (RNAP I a RNAP III) se zaměřují na zbylé RNA geny, z nichž bílkoviny samozřejmě nevznikají.[2]

Stavba

RNA polymeráza II se skládá v nejokleštěnější podobě z 10 podjednotek. Pro iniciaci je však potřeba ještě další, rpb4/7 komplex, a navíc několik transkripčních faktorů. Mezi významné podjednotky patří Rpb1 a Rpb2, které odpovídají bakteriálním beta podjednotkám. Na Rpb1 se nachází unikátní doména CTD obsahující množství repetitivních sekvencí obsahujících aminokyseliny Tyr - Ser - Pro - Thr - Ser - Pro - Ser. Doména CTD prochází na začátku transkripce fosforylací a v jejím průběhu dochází opět k její defosforylaci.[5]

Reference

  1. B. Meinecke and S. Meinecke-Tillmann. Effects of -amanitin on nuclear maturation of porcine oocytes in vitro. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. 1993, roč. 98, s. 195–201. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném dne 2007-09-28. DOI 10.1530/jrf.0.0980195. PMID 8345464. 
  2. a b Molecular Biology Web Book: Chapter 4: Gene Transcription [online]. 2009 Web Books Publishing [cit. 2009-09-30]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném dne 2009-09-17. 
  3. Kornberg R. Eukaryotic transcriptional control. Trends in Cell Biology. 1999, roč. 9, s. M46. DOI 10.1016/S0962-8924(99)01679-7. PMID 10611681. 
  4. SIMS, Robert J, Subhrangsu S Mandal, Danny Reinberg. Recent highlights of RNA-polymerase-II-mediated transcription. Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 2004-06, roč. 16, čís. 3, s. 263–271. Dostupné online [cit. 2009-09-30]. ISSN 0955-0674. DOI 10.1016/j.ceb.2004.04.004. 
  5. Patrick Cramer. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, FOUR-VOLUME SET, 1–4. Příprava vydání Lennarz,W.J., Lane, M.D.. [s.l.]: [s.n.] Kapitola RNA Polymerase II Structure in Eukaryotes. 

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