Proteinkináza A

Princip funkce proteinkinázy A schematicky

Proteinkináza A (PKA) je serin/threonin kináza, která se aktivuje účinkem druhého posla cAMP a fosforyluje celou řadu cílových proteinů. Signál na tuto proteinkinázu obvykle přichází z receptorů spřažených s G proteiny, které navozují právě tvorbu cAMP. Cyklický adenosinmonofosfát v drtivé většině případů neúčinkuje v buňce na cílové proteiny přímo, ale obvykle právě přes proteinkinázu A. Podle toho, jaké substráty v daném buněčném typu PKA fosforyluje, se odvíjí také konkrétní účinek cAMP.[1]

V neaktivním stavu se proteinkináza A sestává ze dvou katalytických podjednotek a dvou podjednotek regulačních. Regulační oblasti zajišťují mimo jiné vazbu na určité místo v buňce, např. na cytoskelet nebo na membránu. Když se naváže cAMP na regulační jednotku, dochází k jejímu uvolnění z komplexu a katalytické jednotky mohou fosforylovat serin či threonin cílových proteinů. Ve svalových vláknech takto například dochází k regulaci enzymatické mašinérie, která stojí za rozkladem glykogenu na glukózu. V buňkách produkujících hormon somatostatin dochází zase k fosforylaci proteinu CREB, který vstupuje do jádra a váže se na CRE sekvenci, což spouští výrobu somatostatinu.[1] Když dojde k opětovnému složení katalytických a regulačních podjednotek dohromady, enzym přestává být schopen funkce až do doby, než bude opět aktivován cAMP.[2]

Reference

  1. ↑ a b ALBERTS, Bruce , et al. The Molecular Biology of the Cell. [s.l.]: Garland Science, 2002. (4th. ed). Dostupné online. ISBN 0-8153-3218-1. 
  2. ↑ LODISH, Harvey, et al.. Molecular Cell Biology. New York: W.H. Freedman and Company, 2004. Dostupné online. ISBN 0-7167-4366-3. 
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