Prostaglandin E2

Prostaglandin E2
Strukturní vzorec
Strukturní vzorec
Obecné
Sumární vzorecC20H32O5
Identifikace
Registrační číslo CAS363-24-6
Vlastnosti
Molární hmotnost352,47 g/mol
Teplota tání67 °C
Není-li uvedeno jinak, jsou použity
jednotky SI a STP (25 °C, 100 kPa).
Některá data mohou pocházet z datové položky.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) je tkáňový hormon patřící do skupiny eikosanoidů. Prostřednictvím cyklooxygenázové dráhy je PGE2 syntetizovaný z kyseliny arachidonové.[1][2] V názvu PGE2 značí E rozpustnost v ethanolu a číslo 2 počet dvojných vazeb. Jeho molekulová hmotnost je 352,465 g/mol.[3] Jako medikament se využívá v porodnictví k navození porodu, zástavě poporodního krvácení či k ukončení těhotenství.[4]

Funkce

PGE2 se váže na specifické receptory spřažené s G proteiny – EP1, EP2, EP3 a EP4.[5] V organismu se podílí na mnoha fyziologických procesech. Mezi jeho hlavní účinky patří vazodilatace, vazokonstrikce, relaxace hladkého svalstva. Také patří do prozánětlivých mediátorů.[6][7][8]

PGE2 je při zánětlivé reakci produkován buňkami imunitního systému, buňkami hladkého svalstva, cévními buňkami a fibroblasty. Zvyšuje průtok cév, teplotu a permeabilizaci cév – otok, zarudnutí a teplota. Těmito účinky ovlivňuje migraci a proliferaci imunitních buněk při zánětu.[9][8] Dále PGE2 dokáže regulovat expresi cytokinů. Konkrétně dokáže inhibovat produkci IL-2 a IFNγ Th1 buňkami, ale neinhibuje produkci IL-4 a IL-5 Th2 buňkami.[10] Dále stimuluje expresi IL-6, IL-1 a IL-23.[11][12]

PGE2 inhibuje funkci NK buněk, granulocytů a fagocytární aktivitu makrofágů. Dále inhibuje Th1 odpověď a naopak podporuje degranulaci žírných buněk, Th2 a Th17 odpověď.[2]

Jednou z dalších schopností PGE2 je podpora angiogeneze, tudíž podporuje růst nádorů a tvorbu metastáz.[13]

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Prostaglandin E2 na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. ↑ IVANOV, Andrei I. Prostaglandin E2 as a mediator of fever: synthesis and catabolism. www.bioscience.org [online]. 2004 [cit. 2019-06-22]. Dostupné online. 
  2. ↑ a b KALINSKI, Pawel. Regulation of Immune Responses by Prostaglandin E 2. The Journal of Immunology. 2012-01-01, roč. 188, čís. 1, s. 21–28. Dostupné online [cit. 2019-06-22]. ISSN 0022-1767. DOI 10.4049/jimmunol.1101029. (anglicky) 
  3. ↑ GRYGLEWSKI, Ryszard J. Prostacyclin among prostanoids. www.if-pan.krakow.pl [online]. 2008 [cit. 2019-06-22]. Dostupné online. 
  4. ↑ Dinoprostone topical Use During Pregnancy. Drugs.com [online]. [cit. 2019-06-22]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 
  5. ↑ SUGIMOTO, Yukihiko; NARUMIYA, Shuh. Prostaglandin E Receptors. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2007-04-20, roč. 282, čís. 16, s. 11613–11617. Dostupné online [cit. 2019-06-22]. ISSN 0021-9258. DOI 10.1074/jbc.R600038200. (anglicky) 
  6. ↑ MILLER, Stephen B. Prostaglandins in Health and Disease: An Overview. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2006-8, roč. 36, čís. 1, s. 37–49. Dostupné online [cit. 2019-06-22]. DOI 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2006.03.005. (anglicky) 
  7. ↑ LEGLER, Daniel F.; BRUCKNER, Markus; UETZ-VON ALLMEN, Edith. Prostaglandin E2 at new glance: Novel insights in functional diversity offer therapeutic chances. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 2010-2, roč. 42, čís. 2, s. 198–201. Dostupné online [cit. 2019-06-22]. DOI 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.09.015. (anglicky) 
  8. ↑ a b RICCIOTTI, Emanuela; FITZGERALD, Garret A. Prostaglandins and Inflammation. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2011-5, roč. 31, čís. 5, s. 986–1000. Dostupné online [cit. 2019-06-22]. ISSN 1079-5642. DOI 10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.207449. (anglicky) 
  9. ↑ NOREL, X.; LONGROIS, D.; FOUDI, N. The role of prostaglandin E2 in human vascular inflammation. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. 2013-08-01, roč. 89, čís. 2, s. 55–63. Dostupné online [cit. 2019-06-22]. ISSN 0952-3278. DOI 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.04.004. (anglicky) 
  10. ↑ BETZ, M. Prostaglandin E2 inhibits production of Th1 lymphokines but not of Th2 lymphokines.. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [online]. 1991 [cit. 2019-06-22]. Dostupné online. 
  11. ↑ WILLIAMS, John A. Regulation of macrophage cytokine production by prostaglandin E2. Distinct roles of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [online]. 1997 [cit. 2019-06-22]. Dostupné online. 
  12. ↑ SHEIBANIE, Amir F.; TADMORI, Iman; JING, Huie. Prostaglandin E2 induces IL-23 production in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. The FASEB Journal. 2004-06-04, roč. 18, čís. 11, s. 1318–1320. Dostupné online [cit. 2019-06-22]. ISSN 0892-6638. DOI 10.1096/fj.03-1367fje. 
  13. ↑ KONYA, Viktoria; MARSCHE, Gunther; SCHULIGOI, Rufina. E-type rostanoid receptor 4 (EP4) in disease and therapy. Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2013-6, roč. 138, čís. 3, s. 485–502. Dostupné online [cit. 2019-06-22]. DOI 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.03.006. (anglicky) 

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