Nápisy na bronzu

Čínská kaligrafie na bronzovém zvonu

Nápisy na bronzu (čínsky 金文 ťin-wen, pchin-jin: jīnwén) jsou záznamy čínského písma na různých bronzových artefaktech z období dynastií Šang a Čou. Celkem se našlo asi 12 tisíc nádob a zvonů s nápisy, které obsahují přibližně 4 tisíce různých znaků.[1]

Nejstarší dochované nápisy sahají do období dynastie Šang. Tyto záznamy jsou krátké a stručné, obsahovaly pouze datum a věnování. Za dynastie Čou nastal rozvoj a zkvalitnění výroby bronzu, což umožnilo vytvářet delší zápisy. Zpravidla se zapisovaly důležité události, bronzové nádoby a zvony tedy fungovaly jako dokumenty. Politicko-právní obsah má i nejznámější nápis na zvonu, tzv. Mao-kung ding, který obsahuje rituální chválu jistých panovníků.[2]

S úpadkem užívání bronzu se přestaly vytvářet nápisy na bronzu, poslední známé jsou z období válčících států. Úcta k bronzu však přetrvala až dodnes. Již během dynastie Chan se nález bronzové nádoby s nápisem považoval za šťastnou událost, ve dvacátém století se výzkumem bronzů zabývali významní čínští učenci jako Wang Kuo-wej nebo Kuo Mo-žo. Přispěly k tomu zejména systematické archeologické nálezy hudebních zvonů v provincii Šen-si.[3]

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Nápisy na bronzoch na slovenské Wikipedii.

  1. ↑ Wilkinson, E. P.: Chinese History: A Manual. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000. Strana 428-9. [1]
  2. ↑ Shaughnessy, E. L.: Sources of Western Zhou history: inscribed bronze vessels. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991. Strana 75. [2]
  3. ↑ John. H. Lienaard: Ancient Chinese Bells [3]

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