Liou Ťien

Liou Ťien
první velký sekretář
Ve funkci:
1498 – 1506
PanovníkČeng-te
PředchůdceSü Pchu
NástupceLi Tung-jang
velký sekretář
Ve funkci:
1487 – 1506
PanovníkChung-č’, Čeng-te
Narození27. února 1433
Luo-jang, Che-nan
Úmrtí9. prosince 1526
NárodnostChan
RodičeLiu Liang a Bai Shi
Alma materťin-š’ (1460)
Náboženstvíkonfucianismus
Některá data mohou pocházet z datové položky.
Liou Ťien je čínské jméno, v němž Liou je příjmení.

Liou Ťien (čínsky pchin-jinem Liú Jiàn, znaky zjednodušené 刘健, tradiční 劉健; 27. února 1433 – 9. prosince 1526),[1] byl politik čínské říše Ming. Císař Chung-č’ ho roku 1487 jmenoval velkým sekretářem, roku 1498 ho povýšil na prvního velkého sekretáře. Nedlouho po nástupu nového císaře, Čeng-tea, byl odvolán.

Jména

Lou Ťien používal zdvořilostní jméno Si-sien (čínsky pchin-jinem Xīxián, znaky zjednodušené 希贤, tradiční 希賢) a pseudonym Chuej-an (čínsky pchin-jinem Huìān, znaky zjednodušené 晦庵, tradiční 晦菴).

Život

Liou Ťien se narodil roku 1433, pocházel z Luo-jangu v provincii Che-nan. Studoval konfucianismus, uspěl v provinčních úřednických zkouškách a roku 1460 složil i palácové zkoušky a získal hodnost ťin-š’. Poté sloužil v paláci následníka trůnu, na ministerstvu obřadů a akademii Chan-lin.

Roku 1487 ho císař Chung-č’ jmenoval členem velkého sekretariátu a tedy jedním z nejmocnějších politiků říše. Po odchodu Sü Pchua ze sekretariátu zaujal roku 1498 jeho místo prvního velkého sekretáře.

Roku 1505 nastoupil na trůn Chung-č’ův syn Čeng-te, který namísto sekretářů a úředníků věnoval svou přízeň eunuchům, především takzvaným osmi tygrům. Liou Ťien a velký sekretář Sie Čchien se spojili s některými úředníky a eunuchy a vystoupili proti osmičce. V mocenském střetu se císař přiklonil na stranu osmičky a Liou Ťien (stejně jako jeho spojenci) ztratil své úřady.[2][3]

Zemřel 9. prosince 1526.[1]

Reference

  1. ↑ a b GOODRICH, L. Carington; FANG, Chaoying, a kol. Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368-1644. New York: Columbia University Press, 1976. xxi + 1751 s. ISBN 0-231-03801-1. S. 938. (anglicky) [Dále jen Goodrich]. 
  2. ↑ Goodrich, s. 308.
  3. ↑ GEISS, James. The Cheng-te reign, 1506-1521. In: TWITCHETT, Denis; FAIRBANK, John K. The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644, Part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. [Dále jen Geiss]. ISBN 0521243327. S. 403–439, na s. 405–406. (anglicky)

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