Karát (hmotnost)

Karát (ct) je jednotka hmotnosti používaná v klenotnictví pro drahokamy (zejm. diamanty) či perly. Nepatří do soustavy SI.

V současné době se používá tzv. metrický karát, který je roven přesně 200 mg (0,2 g).[1]

Tato jednotka byla historicky odvozena z hmotnosti semene svatojánského chleba (lat. Ceratonia siliqua), které bylo ve středověku používáno v Arábii a Persii pro určování ceny drahých kamenů. Důvodem je skutečnost, že velikost a hmotnost těchto semen je poměrně všude stejná v uvedených oblastech světa a semena jsou běžně dostupná.

Kámen o hmotnosti 10 g má tedy 50 karátů, šperkové drahé kameny a diamanty běžně prodávané mají obvykle hmotnost v desetinách karátu, až v jednotkách karátů. Pravý diamant briliantového brusu o hmotnosti 1 ct má cca 6 mm v průměru. U drahých broušených kamenů se tedy setkáme s použitím například 1,04 ct stejně tak 1,04 Ct nebo 1,04 CT což je stejné.

Nebroušené kameny, tedy surovina, se však váží na gramy či kilogramy.

V praxi se můžeme setkat například s popisem přívěsek zlato 14 kt safír 14 ct.

Později používané velikosti karátu se mírně lišily, ke sjednocení na definici metrického karátu došlo na 4. generální konferenci pro míry a váhy (CGPM) v roce 1907. Do soustavy SI však karát nepatří.

Převod na další jednotky

  • 1 karát = 200 mg = 0,2 g
  • 1 karát ≈ 0,007055 oz
  • 1 karát ≈ 3,086 gr

Související články

Externí odkazy

Reference

  1. THOMPSON, Ambler; TAYLOR, Barry N. Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) [online]. 2008 Edition (version 3.0). vyd. Gaithersburg, MD : National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2008, [cit. 2009-10-16]. (NIST Special Publication 811.) Kapitola B.9 Factors for units listed by kind of quantity or field of science, část MASS and MOMENT OF INERTIA.

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