Hidžra (Indie)

Hidžra (angl. hijra) je na indickém subkontinentu označení pro eunuchy, intersex a transgender osoby.[1] V indické, pákistánské, nepálské a bangladéšské společnosti hidžra představuje třetí pohlaví/gender, přičemž zmíněné země pro tyto lidi nabízejí i políčko v pasech a dalších oficiálních dokumentech.[2]

Samotný termín je poměrně starý, o hidžrách se (pod jiným označením) mluví již v eposu Máhábháráta.[3] Od konce 9. století, střetu islámu s hinduismem, je doložen přenos islámské tradice dvorských harémů střežených eunuchy také do Indie. Největší rozvoj nastal v období mugalské dynastie od 16. století.[3]

Slovem hidžra je však označována i zvláštní komunita, v níž tyto osoby zpravidla žijí poté, co se jich jejich rodiny v podstatě zřeknou. Někdy však je takové předání již v dětském věku vlastně sociálním opatřením, neboť v komunitě mají pak své zajištění.[3]

Reference

  1. ↑ PRESS, Associated. India recognises transgender people as third gender. The Guardian. 2014-04-15. Dostupné online [cit. 2020-10-27]. ISSN 0261-3077. (anglicky) 
  2. ↑ KHALEELI, Homa. Hijra: India's third gender claims its place in law. The Guardian. 2014-04-16. Dostupné online [cit. 2020-10-27]. ISSN 0261-3077. (anglicky) 
  3. ↑ a b c MARKOVÁ, Dagmar. Ani žena ani muž v Indii. Nelehký život indických hidžer či hidžrů. Dingir [PDF online]. 2024-09-10 [cit. 2024-11-02]. Čís. 3/2024. Dostupné online. Dostupné také na: [1]. 

Externí odkazy

Genderové a sexuální identity
Genderové identity
Gendery
Třetí gendery a pohlaví
Identity spojené se
sexuální orientací
Sexuální orientace
Alternativní označení
Jiné
Související

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