Behdetej

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Behdetej (v překladu „Ten z Behdetu“, „Behdetejský“) je staroegyptský bůh[zdroj⁠?!] a současně ochranný symbol užívaný ve faraonské ikonografii od počátku historické doby. Znázorňován byl nejprve v podobě sokola, později zpravidla v podobě okřídlené sluneční koule, někdy po obou stranách doplněné ureem.

V době Staré říše byl nazýván Behdet, což badatelé odvozují od egyptského slova behedu – „trůn“.[1] Původně tedy jeho jméno neodkazovalo na název místa v geografickém smyslu, ale spíše na „trůnní místo“[2] panovníka, které vymezuje jako posvátný prostor: je zobrazován nad hlavou krále jako symbol jeho moci a nedotknutelnosti, v pozdějších dobách se objevuje nad vstupem do posvátných míst, např. nad branami pylonů egyptských chrámů nebo nad římsou naosů.

Od Střední říše se způsob zápisu jména mění na Behdetej. Pravděpodobně k této změně došlo v souvislosti s rozpracováním královské ideologie, kdy byl bůh Behdet spojen s bohem Horem reprezentujícím ka každého vládnoucího krále a jeho kult byl přenesen do některých Horových kultovních středisek, jejichž jméno znělo stejně jako jméno boha, tedy Behdet. Na původní význam jména bylo posléze zapomenuto a začalo být odvozováno od původně nezávislého jména místního jako „Behdetejský“. V důsledku tohoto vývoje začal být považován za jednu z podob Hora a pro odlišení od ostatních označován jako Hor Behdetej – „Hor z Behdetu“.

Hor Behdetej
v hieroglyfickém zápisu
G5F18
D46
X1
O49

Odkazy

Reference

  1. JANÁK, Jiří. Brána nebes: bohové a démoni starého Egypta. Praha: Libri, 2005. 220 s. ISBN 80-7277-235-X. S. 45. 
  2. VERNER, Miroslav; BAREŠ, Ladislav; VACHALA, Břetislav. Ilustrovaná encyklopedie starého Egypta. Praha: Karolinum, 1997. 487 s. ISBN 80-7184-446-2. S. 155. 

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