Arachné

Arachné (Gustave Doré, 1861)

Arachné (latinsky Arachne, z řeckého ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνη arachné „pavouk“) je postava z Ovidiova díla Proměny, dívka, jež vyzvala Athénu[pozn. 1][1] na soutěž v tkaní, za což byla potrestána proměnou v pavouka.

Příběh

Arachné byla dcerou pastýře Idmóna z Kolofónu v Lýdii a vynikala v tkaní. Počala tvrdit, že je v tomto umění lepší než Athéna a nepřiznávala této bohyni žádnou zásluhu na svých dovednostech. Athéna se jí tedy zjevila v podobě staré ženy a řekla Arachné, že se nemůže měřit bohům a že má prosit bohyni o odpuštění. Dívka však trvala na své převaze a vyzvala Athénu, ať se nevyhýbá soutěži. Poté bohyně sňala svůj převlek a soupeření o nejlepší tapisérii počalo – Athéna na té své vypodobnila bohy v jejich velikosti, zatímco Arachné milostná dobrodružství bohů. Athéna uražena dokonalostí dívčina díla a jeho námětem Arachninu tapisérii roztrhala, dívku fyzicky napadla a ta se v zoufalství oběsila. Athéna poté s jistou lítostí i doznívajícím hněvem oběšenou pokropila výtažkem z Hekatiných bylin a proměnila v pavouka, jenž věčně přede své sítě.[2]

Původ

Ovidiovo zpracování příběhu je nejstarším známým a je otázkou zda není jeho invencí. Na existenci starší verze však může ukazovat zmínka ve Vergiliových Zpěvech pastýřských o pavoukovi jež byl obětí Minerviny zloby, přičemž pramenem by pak snad mohlo být ztracené dílo Heteroioumena „Proměny“ řeckého básníka Nikandra z Kolofónu. Až z doby po Ovidiově díle pochází zmínka Plinia staršího o jejím synu Closterovi jež vynalezl vřeteno, jméno této postavy snad může variace na jméno jedné z moir – Klóthó „Předoucí“. Druhá zmínka, kusá a nejasná pochází z Nonnových Dionýsiak. Mytoložka Wendilyn Emrys se tak domnívá že příběh o Arachné neměl předlohu v řecké mytické tradici a je Ovidiovou invencí, snad ovlivněnou lokálním maloasijským příběhem s nímž se autor setkal na svých cestách.[3]

Odkazy

Poznámky

  1. ↑ v latinském originále se však bohyně objevuje pod jménem Pallas

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Arachne na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. ↑ Ovidius, Proměny, kniha VI. [online]. The Latin Library [cit. 2020-07-23]. Dostupné online. 
  2. ↑ Arakhne [online]. Theoi [cit. 2020-07-23]. Dostupné online. 
  3. ↑ EMRYS, Wendilin. Athena, Minerva, and Arachne: Who Weaves the Weavers? [online]. [cit. 2020-07-23]. Dostupné online. 

Literatura

Externí odkazy

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