Anorganické kyseliny

Anorganické kyseliny (také minerální kyseliny) jsou kyseliny odvozené od jedné nebo více anorganických sloučenin. Všechny tyto kyseliny uvolňují vodíkové kationty a ve vodných roztocích tvoří konjugované báze.

Charakteristika

K běžně používaným minerálním kyselinám patří kyselina sírová, chlorovodíková a dusičná. Minerální kyseliny mohou být velmi silné (superkyseliny, například kyselina chloristá) i slabé (například kyselina boritá). Jsou většinou velmi dobře rozpustné ve vodě a nerozpustné v organických rozpouštědlech.

Anorganické kyseliny se používají v mnoha oblastech chemického průmyslu jako výchozí suroviny pro výrobu dalších látek, organických i anorganických. Velká množství těchto kyselin – hlavně kyseliny sírové, dusičné a chlorovodíkové – se pro komerční použití vyrábějí ve velkých továrnách.

U anorganických kyselin se také často využívá jejich žíravost, například zředěný roztok kyseliny chlorovodíkové se používá na odstranění usazenin z vnitřku ohřívačů vody, přičemž jsou učiněna opatření, aby kyselina nepoškodila ohřívač. Tento proces se nazývá odvápnění.

Výroba ve světě

Výroba kyselin ve světě
2014
Kyselina miliony tun
Sírová 200
Dusičná 60
Fosforečná 38
Chlorovodíková 20

Příklady

Odkazy

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Mineral acid na anglické Wikipedii.

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