12. dynastie

Busta Amenemhhat I. z Tanis z červené žuly. [1]
Busta Senwosreta III.
Dřevěný model kuchyně; 12. dynastie

12. dynastie je jednou ze staroegyptských královských dynastií řazených egyptology do historického období označovaného jako Střední říše. Vládla přibližně v letech 1939–1760 př. Kr.[2]. Počátek Střední říše byl poznamenán minulou historií, jednak Prvním přechodným obdobím, které trvalo asi 140 let, kdy celistvost byla rozdrobena na lokální vládce, a jednak na postupně obnovenou centralizací vlády v 11.dynastie, zejména pak za vlády Mentuhotepa II. Označuje se jako „Počáteční střední říše“. V pozdní části Střední říše, přibližně od vlády Senusreta III. se objevují nové prvky v zobrazování panovníka, nikoliv jak dosud v podobě idealizovaného jinošského faraona, ale v realističtějším obraze moudrého vládce, ochránce řádu země. Zároveň se stabilizuje jazyková forma písemných hieroglyfických záznamů.[3][4][5]

Panovníci 12. dynastie

Faraoni 12. dynastie
Faraon rodné jméno trůnní jméno doba vlády př. Kr.[2]
Amenemhet I.
Sehetepibre'
N5G38<
imn
n
mF4
X1
>
Amenemhet
M23L2<
N5L1D28
>
Cheper-ka-Re
1939–1910
Senusret I.
Kheperkare'
N5G38<
F12S29D21
X1
O34
N35
>
Sesostris/Senwosret
M23L2<
N5
S12
D28 D28
D28
>
Nebu-kau-Re
1920–1875
Amenemhet II.
Nebukaure'
N5G38<
M17Y5
N35
G17F4
X1
>
Amenemhet
M23L2<
N5
S12
D28 D28
D28
>
Nebu-kau-Re
1878–1843
Senusret II.
Kha'kheperre'
N5G38<
wsrsD21
t
z
n
>
Senwosret/Sesostris
M23L2<
ra
xa
xpr
>
Chai-cheper-Re
1845–1837
Senusret III.
Kha'kaure'
N5G38<
wsrsD21
t
z
n
>
Sesostris/Senwosret
M23L2<
ra
xa
kA kA
kA
>
Chai-kau-Re
1837–1819
Amenemhet III.
Nima'atre'
N5G38<
imn
n
mHAt
t
>
Amenemhet
M23L2<
ra
n
mAat
>
Ni-maat-Re
1818–1773
Amenemhet IV.
Ma'kherure'
N5G38<
imn
n
mF4
X1
>
Amenemhet
M23L2<
raU5
a
xrww
>
Maa-cheru-Re
1772–1764
Sebeknofru
Sebekkare'
N5G38<
I5F35F35F35
>
Nofrusobek/Neferu Sobek
M23L2<
N5I4D28
>
Sobek-ka-Re
1763–1760

Reference

  1. PETRIE, Flinders. History of Egypt. New York: Charles Scribner’s Son, 1897. S. 95-97. 
  2. a b HORNUNG, Erik. Ancient Egyptian Chronology [online]. Leiden, Boston:Brill: Brill, 2006. S. 491. Dostupné online. ISBN 978-90-04-11385-5. (anglicky) 
  3. GARDINER, Alan. Egyptian Grammar. London: Oxford University Press, 1973. (anglicky) Third Edition. 
  4. GARDINER, Alan. Egypt of the Pharaohs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961. Dostupné online. ISBN 0195002679. 
  5. DODSON, Aiden. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. I.. vyd. London: Thames & Hudson, 2004. Dostupné online. ISBN 0500051283. (anglicky) 

Související články

Literatura

  • Mark Lehner, The Complete Pyramids, Thames & Hudson 1997, New York, ISBN 0-500-05084-8

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