Ophiocordyceps

Infotaula d'ésser viuOphiocordyceps Modifica el valor a Wikidata

Formigues mortes infectades pel Cordyceps unilateralis. Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Taxonomia
SuperregneEukaryota
RegneFungi
ClasseSordariomycetes
OrdreHypocreales
FamíliaOphiocordycipitaceae
GènereOphiocordyceps Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Petch (1931)
Tipus taxonòmicOphiocordyceps blattae
Nomenclatura
Sinònims
Cordycepioideus Stifler (1941)[1]

Ophiocordyceps és un gènere de fongs de la família Ophiocordycipitaceae.[2] El gènere va ser descrit científicament de forma general per primera vegada pel micòleg britànic Tom Petch en 1931,[3] i conté al voltant de 140 espècies que creixen en els insectes.[4] La majoria d'espècies d'aquest gènere són de colors brillants com vermells, taronges i fins negres. La seva consistència és ferma.

Són gèneres anamòrfics [5] que corresponen amb espècies d'Ophiocordyceps: Hirsutella, Hymenostilbe, Paraisaria i Syngliocladium.[6]

El fong Ophiocordyceps unilateralis és conegut pel seu parasitisme sobre les formigues, ja que altera el comportament de les formigues per propagar-se més eficaçment.[7] El fong ataca el cervell de la formiga fent que abandoni la seva colònia. La formiga mossega la vena vascular principal de la part inferior d'una fulla i roman quieta en aquesta posició fins que mor degut al creixement del fong a l'interior del cos de la formiga.[8]

Ophiocordyceps sinensis ataca a les larves de lepidòpters al Tibet i és conegut per les seves propietats medicinals antitumorals.

El 2011, quatre noves espècies d'Ophiocordyceps van ser descrites en formigues Camponotus del Brasil.[9]

Taxonomia

Referències

  1. ↑ «Ophiocordyceps Petch 1931». MycoBank. Internationaol Mycological Association. [Consulta: 19 juliol 2011].
  2. ↑ Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. «Outline of Ascomycota – 2007». Myconet. The Field Museum, Department of Botany [Chicago, USA], 13, 12-2007, pàg. 1–58.
  3. ↑ Petch T. «Notes on entomogenous fungi». Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 16, 1, 1931, pàg. 55–75. DOI: 10.1016/S0007-1536(31)80006-3.
  4. ↑ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA.. Dictionary of the Fungi. 10a edició. Wallingford, UK: CABI, 2008, p. 483. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8. 
  5. ↑ Anamòrfic: una fase de reproducció asexual (metamorfosi).
  6. ↑ Sung G-H, Hywel-Jones NL, Sung J-M, Luangsa-ard JJ, Shrestha B, Spatafora JW. «Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi». Studies in Mycology, 57, 2007, pàg. 5–59. DOI: 10.3114/sim.2007.57.01. PMC: 2104736. PMID: 18490993.
  7. ↑ Pontoppidan M-B, Himaman W, Hywel-Jones NL, Boomsma JJ, Hughes DP. «Graveyards on the Move: The Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Dead Ophiocordyceps-Infected Ants». PLoS ONE, 4, 3, 2009, pàg. e4835. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004835. PMC: 2652714. PMID: 19279680.
  8. ↑ In Fossilized Leaf, Clues to a Zombie Ant, by Sindya N Bhanoo New York Times 24 August 2010
  9. ↑ H. C. Evans, Simon L. Elliot, David P. Hughes «Hidden Diversity Behind the Zombie-Ant Fungus Ophiocordyceps unilateralis: Four New Species Described from Carpenter Ants in Minas Gerais, Brazil». PLoS ONE, 6, 3, 2011, pàg. e17024. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017024. PMC: 3047535. PMID: 21399679 [Consulta: 1r maig 2013].

Enllaços externs

A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Ophiocordyceps
  • Article i video on es pot veure el fong Ophiocordyceps en acció. (anglès)

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