Meteorit Allende

Infotaula de rocaMeteorit Allende
Tipuscondrita
Massa2.000.000 Modifica el valor a Wikidata
EpònimPueblito de Allende (en) Tradueix Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Classecondrita carbonatada
GrupCV3
Composició23,85% ferro
ImpacteS1
Observat caientsí
Data d'impacte8 febrer 1969, 01:05 hora local (07:05 GMT)
Pes total conegut2 tones
Àrea de caigudasí
Identificador MBD2278 Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Localització
PaísMèxic
IndretPueblito de Allende, Allende, Chihuahua
Coordenades26° 58′ N, 105° 19′ O / 26.97°N,105.32°O / 26.97; -105.32 Modifica el valor a Wikidata

El meteorit Allende és la condrita carbonatada més gran trobada mai sobre la Terra. El bòlid va ser observat el 8 de febrer de 1969 a la 01:05 sobre l'estat de Chihuahua, a Mèxic.[1] Rep el seu nom de Pueblito de Allende, el poblat mexicà on va caure. Després de desintegrar-se a l'atmosfera es va realitzar una exhaustiva recerca per recol·lectar tots els seus fragments. Actualment és considerat "el meteorit més estudiat de la història".[2]

Es creu que la roca original hauria d'haver tingut la mida d'un automòbil, viatjant a través de l'espai a uns 15 km per segon. Va explotar en el cel i es va desintegrar, produint milers de fragments d'escorça fosa. És un meteorit classificat dins del grup de les condrites carbonatades, sent aquest el més gran en el seu tipus. Els meteorits d'aquest tipus són de gran interès científic atès que la seva estructura es remunta als mateixos orígens del sistema solar.

Mineralogia

És notable per posseir grans i abundants inclusions riques en calci i alumini (CAI), que estan entre els objectes més antics formats en el sistema solar. El meteorit també és famós pels compostos complexos de carboni: ful·lerens (C60 i C70), ful·lerans (C60HX), hidrocarburs aromàtics policíclics, benzofluorantens i corennulens. A diferència de moltes altres condrites, al meteorit Allende pràcticament no es pot trobar ferro ni níquel.[3]

Al meteorit se n'han trobat 70 espècies minerals vàlides diferents, de les quals 17 han estat descobertes al meteorit. D'aquestes disset espècies, 13 han estat trobades exclusivament al meteorit i no han estat descrites a cap altre indret més.

Els minerals descoberts a l'Allende són:

Nom Fórmula Nom Fórmula
Adrianita Ca₁₂(Al₄Mg₃Si₇)O32Cl₆ Hutcheonita Ca₃Ti₂(Al₂Si)O₁₂
Allendeïta Sc₄Zr₃O₁₂ Kangita Sc₂O₃
Beckettita Ca₂V₆Al₆O20 Majindeïta Mg₂Mo₃O₈
Burnettita CaVAlSiO₆ Monipita MoNiP
Butianita Ni₆SnS₂ Nuwaïta Ni₆GeS₂
Davisita CaScAlSiO₆ Panguita (Ti,Al,Sc,Mg,Zr,Ca)1,8O₃
Grossmanita CaTi3+AlSiO₆ Paqueïta Ca₃TiSi₂(Al,Ti,Si)₃O14
Hexamolibdè (Mo,Ru,Fe,Ir,Os) Tistarita Ti₂O₃
Hibonita-(Fe) (Fe,Mg)Al12O19

Referències

A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Meteorit Allende
  1. ↑ Marmet. «The Allende Meteorite (Mexico)» (en anglès). Marmet-Meteorites.
  2. ↑ BBC Mundo. «Descubren nuevo mineral en meteorito mexicano» (en castellà), jueves 28/06/2012. [Consulta: 2 agost 2014].
  3. ↑ «Allende meteorite (Pueblito de Allende meteorite; Qutrixpileo meteorite [NHM cat.), Pueblito de Allende, Chihuahua, Mexico]» (en anglès). Mindat. [Consulta: 11 abril 2017].

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