Llista d'objectes creats per la humanitat sobre la Lluna

Localització dels objectes artificials més grossos escampats per la Lluna, sobreposats en dades de la missió Clementine en projecció cilíndrica equidistant.

En aquest article hi apareix una llista parcial dels materials creats per la humanitat que es troben sobre la superfície de la Lluna. La taula que segueix a continuació no enumera, separadament, petits objectes com retroflectors, material de l'Apollo Lunar Surface Experiment, o objectes commemoratius, artístics o personals abandonats pels astronautes del programa Apollo, com ara banderes dels Estats Units, plaques commemoratives enganxades a les escales dels mòduls lunars Apollo, el pin de l'astronauta de plata que va deixar Alan Bean en honor de Clifton C. Williams, a qui havia reemplaçat, l'estatueta a l'astronauta caigut i la placa commemorativa deixades per la tripulació de l'Apollo 15, i les pilotes de golf que Alan Shepard va colpejar durant un passeig lunar de l'Apollo 14.

Les restes de cinc S-IVB de tercera etapa de coets Saturn V del programa Apollo són les peces més pesades enviades mai a la superfície lunar. Els humans han deixat uns 187.000 kg de material a la Lluna, mentre que al voltant de 380 kg de roca lunar ha estat traslladada a la Terra per les missions que hi han anat. Els únics objectes artificials de la Lluna que encara es troben actius són els retroreflectors dipositats en el marc dels lunar laser ranging experiments per les missions Apollo 11, 14 i 15 així com per les Lunokhod 1 i Lunokhod 2.[1]

Els objectes situats a més de 90 ° est o oest es troben a la cara oculta de la Lluna, entre els que es troben el Ranger 4, el Lunar Orbiter 1, el Lunar Orbiter 2 o el Lunar Orbiter 3.

Llegenda

Colors
No ha trasmès dades
Dades transmeses
Operatiu

Llistat d'objectes

Objecte artificial Imatge País Any Massa (kg) Estat Situació
Luna 2  USSR 1959 390.2 Intentionally crashed 29° 06′ N, 0° 00′ E / 29.1°N,-0°E / 29.1; -0 [2]
Third stage of Luna 2 Vostok rocket
 USSR 1959 9100 Intentionally crashed 29° 06′ N, 0° 00′ E / 29.1°N,-0°E / 29.1; -0 [3]
Ranger 4
 US 1962 331 Intentionally crashed 15° 30′ S, 130° 42′ O / 15.5°S,130.7°O / -15.5; -130.7 [4]
Ranger 6
 US 1964 381 Intentionally crashed 9° 21′ 29″ N, 21° 28′ 48″ E / 9.358°N,21.480°E / 9.358; 21.480 [5]
Ranger 7
 US 1964 365.7 Intentionally crashed 10° 38′ S, 20° 36′ O / 10.63°S,20.60°O / -10.63; -20.60 [6]
Luna 5  USSR 1965 1474 Crashed 8° N, 23° O / 8°N,23°O / 8; -23 [7]
Luna 7  USSR 1965 1504 Crashed 9° 48′ N, 47° 48′ O / 9.8°N,47.8°O / 9.8; -47.8 [8]
Luna 8  USSR 1965 100 Crashed 9° 06′ N, 63° 18′ O / 9.1°N,63.3°O / 9.1; -63.3 [9]
Ranger 8
 US 1965 367 Intentionally crashed 2° 38′ 17″ N, 24° 47′ 13″ E / 2.638°N,24.787°E / 2.638; 24.787 [10]
Ranger 9
 US 1965 367 Intentionally crashed 12° 49′ 41″ S, 2° 23′ 13″ O / 12.828°S,2.387°O / -12.828; -2.387 [11]
Luna 9
 USSR 1966 100 Landed 7° 05′ N, 64° 22′ O / 7.08°N,64.37°O / 7.08; -64.37 [12]
Luna 10  USSR 1966 1600 Crashed
(post-mission)
? [13][14]
Luna 11  USSR 1966 1640 Crashed ? [13][15]
Luna 12  USSR 1966 1670 Crashed ? [13][16]
Surveyor 1
 US 1966 270 Landed 2° 28′ 26″ S, 43° 20′ 20″ O / 2.474°S,43.339°O / -2.474; -43.339 [17]
Luna 13  USSR 1966 1700 Landed 18° 52′ N, 62° 03′ O / 18.87°N,62.05°O / 18.87; -62.05 [18]
Lunar Orbiter 1
 US 1966 386 Crashed
(post-mission)
6° 42′ N, 162° 00′ E / 6.70°N,162°E / 6.70; 162 [19]
Surveyor 2
 US 1966 292 Crashed 5° 30′ S, 12° 00′ O / 5.5°S,12°O / -5.5; -12 [20]
Lunar Orbiter 2
 US 1966 385 Crashed
(post-mission)
3° 00′ N, 119° 00′ E / 3.0°N,119°E / 3.0; 119 [21]
Lunar Orbiter 3
 US 1966 386 Crashed
(post-mission)
14° 18′ N, 97° 42′ O / 14.3°N,97.7°O / 14.3; -97.7 [22]
Surveyor 3
 US 1967 281[23] Landed
(portions recovered
by Apollo 12 crew)
3° 00′ 54″ S, 23° 25′ 05″ O / 3.015°S,23.418°O / -3.015; -23.418 [24]
Lunar Orbiter 4
 US 1967 386 Crashed
(post-mission)
? [13][25]
Surveyor 4
 US 1967 283 Crashed 0° 24′ N, 1° 20′ O / 0.4°N,1.33°O / 0.4; -1.33 [26]
Explorer 35 (IMP-E)
 US 1967 104.3 Crashed
(post mission)
? [13][27]
Lunar Orbiter 5
 US 1967 386 Crashed
(post-mission)
3° S, 83° O / 3°S,83°O / -3; -83 [28]
Surveyor 5
 US 1967 281 Landed 1° 27′ 40″ N, 23° 11′ 42″ E / 1.461°N,23.195°E / 1.461; 23.195 [29]
Surveyor 6
 US 1967 282 Landed 0° 29′ N, 1° 24′ O / 0.49°N,1.40°O / 0.49; -1.40 [30]
Surveyor 7
 US 1968 290 Landed 40° 52′ S, 11° 28′ O / 40.86°S,11.47°O / -40.86; -11.47 [31]
Luna 14  USSR 1968 1670 Crashed ? [13][32]
Apollo 10 LM-4 Snoopy descent stage
 US 1969 2211 Crashed
(post-mission)
? [13][33]
Luna 15  USSR 1969 2718 Crashed ? [34]
Apollo 11 LM-5 Eagle descent stage
 US 1969 2034 Landed 0° 40′ 27″ N, 23° 28′ 23″ E / 0.6741°N,23.4730°E / 0.6741; 23.4730 [35]
Apollo 11 LM-5 Eagle ascent stage[36]
 US 1969 2184 Crashed
(post-mission)
? [37]
Apollo 12 LM-6 Intrepid descent stage
 US 1969 2211 Landed 3° 00′ 45″ S, 23° 25′ 18″ O / 3.0124°S,23.4216°O / -3.0124; -23.4216 [38]
Apollo 12 LM-6 Intrepid ascent stage[36]
 US 1969 2164 Crashed
(post-mission)
3° 56′ S, 21° 12′ O / 3.94°S,21.20°O / -3.94; -21.20 [39]
Luna 16 descent stage[40]  USSR 1970 1380 Landed 0° 41′ S, 56° 18′ E / 0.68°S,56.3°E / -0.68; 56.3 [41]
Luna 17 and Lunokhod 1  USSR 1970 5600 Landed 38° 17′ N, 35° 00′ O / 38.28°N,35.0°O / 38.28; -35.0 [42]
Apollo 13 S-IVB (S-IVB-508)[43]
 US 1970 13454 Intentionally crashed 2° 45′ S, 27° 52′ O / 2.75°S,27.86°O / -2.75; -27.86 [44]
Luna 18  USSR 1971 1880 Crashed 3° 34′ N, 56° 30′ E / 3.57°N,56.5°E / 3.57; 56.5 [45]
Luna 19  USSR 1971 1880 Crashed ? [13][46]
Apollo 14 S-IVB (S-IVB-509)
 US 1971 14016 Intentionally crashed 8° 05′ S, 26° 01′ O / 8.09°S,26.02°O / -8.09; -26.02[47]
Apollo 14 LM-8 Antares descent stage
 US 1971 2144 Landed 3° 38′ 43″ S, 17° 28′ 17″ O / 3.6453°S,17.4714°O / -3.6453; -17.4714[48]
Apollo 14 LM-8 Antares ascent stage[36]
 US 1971 2132 Crashed
(post-mission)
3° 25′ S, 19° 40′ O / 3.42°S,19.67°O / -3.42; -19.67[49]
Apollo 15 S-IVB (S-IVB-510)
 US 1971 14036 Intentionally crashed 1° 31′ S, 11° 49′ O / 1.51°S,11.81°O / -1.51; -11.81[50]
Apollo 15 LM-10 Falcon descent stage
 US 1971 2809 Landed 26° 07′ 56″ N, 3° 38′ 02″ E / 26.1322°N,3.6339°E / 26.1322; 3.6339[51]
Apollo 15 Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV-001)
 US 1971 210 Landed 26° 05′ N, 3° 40′ E / 26.08°N,3.66°E / 26.08; 3.66
Apollo 15 LM-10 Falcon ascent stage[36]
 US 1971 2132 Crashed
(post-mission)
26° 22′ N, 0° 15′ E / 26.36°N,0.25°E / 26.36; 0.25[52]
Apollo 15 subsatellite
 US 1971 36 Crashed
(post-mission)
?[13][53]
Luna 20 descent stage[40]  USSR 1972 < 5727 Landed 3° 34′ N, 56° 30′ E / 3.57°N,56.5°E / 3.57; 56.5[54]
Apollo 16 S-IVB (S-IVB-511)
 US 1972 14002 Intentionally crashed 1° 18′ N, 23° 48′ O / 1.3°N,23.8°O / 1.3; -23.8[55]
Apollo 16 LM-11 Orion descent stage
 US 1972 2765 Landed 8° 58′ 23″ S, 15° 30′ 01″ E / 8.9730°S,15.5002°E / -8.9730; 15.5002[56]
Apollo 16 Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV-002)
 US 1972 210 Landed 8° 58′ S, 15° 31′ E / 8.97°S,15.51°E / -8.97; 15.51
Apollo 16 LM-11 Orion ascent stage[36]
 US 1972 2138 Crashed
(post-mission)
?[57]
Apollo 16 subsatellite
 US 1972 36 Crashed
(post-mission)
?[13][58]
Apollo 17 S-IVB (S-IVB-512)
 US 1972 13960 Intentionally crashed 4° 13′ S, 12° 19′ O / 4.21°S,12.31°O / -4.21; -12.31[59]
Apollo 17 LM-12 Challenger descent stage
 US 1972 2798 Landed 20° 11′ 27″ N, 30° 46′ 18″ E / 20.1908°N,30.7717°E / 20.1908; 30.7717[60]
Apollo 17 Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV-003)
 US 1972 210 Landed 20° 10′ N, 30° 46′ E / 20.17°N,30.77°E / 20.17; 30.77
Apollo 17 LM-12 Challenger ascent stage[36]
 US 1972 2150 Crashed
(post-mission)
19° 58′ N, 30° 30′ E / 19.96°N,30.50°E / 19.96; 30.50[61]
Luna 21 and Lunokhod 2[62]  USSR 1973 4850 Landed 25° 51′ N, 30° 27′ E / 25.85°N,30.45°E / 25.85; 30.45[63]
Explorer 49 (RAE-B)
 US 1973 328 Crashed ?[13][64]
Luna 22  USSR 1974 4000 Crashed ?[13][65]
Luna 23  USSR 1974 5600 Landed ~12.75ºN, ~62.2ºE[66]
Luna 24 descent stage[40]  USSR 1976 < 5800 Landed 12° 45′ N, 62° 12′ E / 12.75°N,62.2°E / 12.75; 62.2[67]
Hagoromo / Hiten [68]
 Japan 1990 12 Crashed
(orbit / crash
not confirmed)
?[69]
Hiten
 Japan 1993 143 Intentionally crashed 34° 18′ S, 55° 36′ E / 34.3°S,55.6°E / -34.3; 55.6[70]
Lunar Prospector
 US 1998 126 Intentionally crashed 87° 42′ S, 42° 21′ E / 87.7°S,42.35°E / -87.7; 42.35[71][72]
SMART-1
ESA 2006 307 Intentionally crashed 34° 14′ S, 46° 12′ O / 34.24°S,46.2°O / -34.24; -46.2[73]
Moon Impact Probe (MIP) / Chandrayaan-1
 India 2008 35 Intentionally crashed 89° S, 30° O / 89°S,30°O / -89; -30[74][75][76]
SELENE Rstar (Okina)  Japan 2009 53 Crashed 28° 12′ 47″ N, 159° 01′ 59″ O / 28.213°N,159.033°O / 28.213; -159.033[77][78][79]
Chang'e 1
 China 2009 2000[80] Intentionally crashed 1° 30′ S, 52° 22′ E / 1.50°S,52.36°E / -1.50; 52.36[81][82]
SELENE (Kaguya) main orbiter  Japan 2009 1984[80] Intentionally crashed 65° 30′ S, 80° 30′ E / 65.5°S,80.5°E / -65.5; 80.5[83][84][85]
LCROSS Shepherding Spacecraft
 US 2009 700 Intentionally crashed 84° 43′ 44″ S, 49° 21′ 36″ O / 84.729°S,49.36°O / -84.729; -49.36,
-3.80909 km elevation
(Cabeus crater) [86][87]
LCROSS Centaur
 US 2009 2270 Intentionally crashed 84° 40′ 30″ S, 48° 43′ 30″ O / 84.675°S,48.725°O / -84.675; -48.725,
-3.82693 km elevation
(Cabeus crater) [88][89]
GRAIL
 US 2012 132.6 Crashed
(post-mission)
75° 37′ N, 26° 38′ O / 75.62°N,26.63°O / 75.62; -26.63[90]
Chang'e 3 & Yutu  China 2013 1200 Operated 964 days. Last contact Aug 3, 2016 44° 07′ N, 19° 31′ O / 44.12°N,19.51°O / 44.12; -19.51
LADEE
 US 2014 248.2 Intentionally crashed Eastern rim of Sundman V crater
Total estimated dry mass (kg) 189,344

Galeria d'imatges

Mapa de la Lluna mostrant alguns dels punts d'aterratge. (Clicar per ampliar)
Surveyor 3 a la Lluna, fotografiat per Alan Bean
Localitzacions dels experiments amb retroreflectors
Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment (LRRR)

Referències

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American politician Henry GrayBorn(1816-01-19)January 19, 1816Laurens County, South CarolinaDiedDecember 16, 1892(1892-12-16) (aged 76)Coushatta, LouisianaPlace of burialSpringville Cemetery, Coushatta, LouisianaAllegiance United States of America Confederate States of AmericaService/branch Confederate States ArmyYears of service1861–65RankBrigadier GeneralUnitArmy of Western LouisianaCommands held28th Louisiana Infantry RegimentGray's BrigadeBattles/warsAmerican Civil Wa...

United States historic placeCamp Delta – Delta ResortU.S. National Register of Historic Places Show map of MichiganShow map of the United StatesLocation17049 Foote Lake Rd.Garden Township, MichiganCoordinates46°9′27″N 86°29′28″W / 46.15750°N 86.49111°W / 46.15750; -86.49111NRHP reference No.100000935[1]Added to NRHPMay 1, 2017 Camp Delta, also known as the Delta Resort is a resort located at 17049 Foote Lake Road in Garden Township, Mich...

1977 film by Joseph Sargent MacArthurTheatrical release posterDirected byJoseph SargentWritten byHal BarwoodMatthew RobbinsProduced byFrank McCarthyStarringGregory PeckEd FlandersDan O'HerlihyCinematographyMario TosiEdited byGeorge Jay NicholsonMusic byJerry GoldsmithProductioncompanyUniversal PicturesDistributed byUniversal PicturesRelease date July 15, 1977 (1977-07-15) Running time130 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishBudget$9 million[1]Box office$16.3 millio...

Ця стаття недостатньо ілюстрована. Ви можете допомогти проєкту, додавши зображення до цієї статті. Ціна пристрастіThe Ledge Жанр трилермелодрамаРежисер Метью ЧепменПродюсер Марк ДеймонМоше ДайамантМайкл МейлерСценарист Метью ЧепменУ головних ролях Лів ТайлерЧарлі Ханнем

Temporada 1982 de la CART IndyCar World Series Championship Auto Racing TeamsDatos generalesFecha 1982Piloto campeón Rick MearsPiloto novato Bobby RahalConst. deChasis Campeón MarchMotorista Campeón Ford/ CosworthCopa de las Naciones Estados Unidos Cronología 1981 1982 1983 [editar datos en Wikidata] La Temporada 1982 de la CART IndyCar World Series, fue la cuarta temporada de la Championship Auto Racing Teams, que consistió en 11 carreras, comenzando en Avondale, Arizona, el 2...

?Hemimysis Hemimysis anomala Біологічна класифікація Царство: Тварини (Animalia) Тип: Членистоногі (Arthropoda) Підтип: Ракоподібні (Crustacea) Клас: Вищі ракоподібні (Malacostraca) Ряд: Мізиди (Mysida) Родина: Мізидові (Mysidae) Рід: Hemimysis Посилання Вікісховище: Hemimysis EOL: 13133784 ITIS: 90564 NCBI: 236575 Hemimysis — рід ракоподібн�...

Carang TVPT Ambon Media AbadiAmbon, MalukuIndonesiaSaluranDigital: (tidak bersiaran)SloganKatong Pung TiviPemrogramanBahasaBahasa IndonesiaBahasa AmbonJaringan televisiIndependenKepemilikanPemilikPT Ambon Media AbadiRiwayatSiaran perdana29 Desember 2006; 16 tahun lalu (2006-12-29)Siaran terakhir12 Agustus 2023; 3 bulan lalu (2023-08-12)[1]Bekas tanda panggilAmbon TVBekas nomor kanal36 UHF (analog)Makna tanda panggilKota AmbonInformasi teknisOtoritas perizinanKementerian Komu...

This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (December 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)For other people named Sigeric, see Sigeric (disambiguation). 5th-century Visigothic king King SigericImaginary portrait in the Museo del Prado, c. 1856King of the Visigoths (usurpation)In officeAugust 15, 41...

كسوف الشمس 29 مارس 2006كلي من Side, Turkeyخريطةنوع الكسوفطبيعةكليغاما0.3843الحجم1.0515الكسوف الأقصىالمدة الزمنية247 ثانية (4 د 7 ث)إحداثيات23°12′N 16°42′E / 23.2°N 16.7°E / 23.2; 16.7أكبر عرض184 كـم (114 ميل)الأوقات (UTC)(P1) بداية جزئي7:36:50(U1) بداية كلي8:34:20أعظم كسوف10:12:23(U4) نهاية كلي11:4...

Gatchaman CrowdsPoster promosi yang menampilkan karakter utama (bawah kiri ke kanan) Joe, Sugane, Paiman, Hajime, J.J., OD, Utsutsu, (top) Rui dan Katze.ガッチャマン クラウズ(Gatchaman Kurauzu)GenreLaga, Fiksi ilmiah, Superhero Seri animeSutradaraKenji NakamuraSkenarioToshiya OnoMusikTaku IwasakiStudioTatsunoko ProductionPelisensiAUS HanabeeNA Sentai FilmworksUK Animatsu EntertainmentSaluranasli NTV SpacetoonSaluran bahasa InggrisSEA Animax AsiaTayang 12 Juli 2013 – 27 September 2...

Yokohama Stadium hosted the baseball events for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. For the Summer Olympics, there are nine venues that have been or will be used for baseball. Games Venue Other sports hosted at venue for those games Capacity Ref. 1992 Barcelona L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Baseball Stadium (final) None 6,740 [1] Camp Municipal de Beisbol de Viladecans None 6,740 [2] 1996 Atlanta Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium Softball 52,007 [3] 2000 Sydney Sydney Basebal...

Article connexe : Études de droit en France. Faculté de droit en FranceFaçade de la Faculté de droit de l'Université de Paris 1 Panthéon SorbonneHistoireFondation XIIe siècleDates-clés Supprimée en 1793Refondée en 1808StatutType Université en FranceForme juridique Faculté corporative puis publiqueNom officiel Consultissima decretorumMembre de université de Paris, puis académie de Paris de l'université de France, puis université de ParisLocalisationPays Francemodifier...

Sistema Universitario Estatal Fundación 1992[editar datos en Wikidata] El Sistema Universitario Estatal o SUE, es el organismo compuesto por las 34 universidades públicas de Colombia. Fue creado por la Ley 30 de 1992, que reglamenta la educación superior del país; de acuerdo al artículo 81 de dicha ley, sus funciones son racionalizar y optimizar los recursos humanos, físicos, técnicos y financieros; implementar la transferencia de estudiantes, el intercambio de docentes, la c...

Historical area of Cleveland, Ohio, United States For other uses, see Collinwood (disambiguation). Neighborhood of Cleveland in Cuyahoga, Ohio, United StatesCollinwoodNeighborhood of ClevelandCountryUnited StatesStateOhioCountyCuyahogaCityClevelandPopulation (2020) • Total15,780 (North Shore Collinwood)[1]10,785 (Collinwood–Nottingham)[2]Demographics (North Shore Collinwood)[1] • White29.9% • Black63% • Hispanic (o...

American baseball and football player (1893-1959) Baseball player Ben ShawFirst Base / CatcherBorn: (1893-06-18)June 18, 1893LaCenter, Kentucky, U.S.Died: March 16, 1959(1959-03-16) (aged 65)Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.Batted: RightThrew: RightMLB debutApril 11, 1917, for the Pittsburgh PiratesLast MLB appearanceAugust 27, 1918, for the Pittsburgh PiratesMLB statistics (through 1918)Batting average.184Hits7Runs5 Teams Pittsburgh Pirates (1917–1918) Benjamin Natha...

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Löwenthal. Xavier LöwenthalXavier Löwenthal en 2015BiographieNaissance 18 octobre 1970 (53 ans)SchaerbeekNationalité belgeFormation Institut Saint-LucActivités Auteur de bande dessinée, scénariste de bande dessinée, coloriste de bande dessinée, cartooniste, écrivain, éditeurFratrie Anne LöwenthalAutres informationsGenre artistique Bande dessinée alternativeSite web xavierlowenthal.commodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Xavier Lö...

Highway interchange in Kew Gardens, Queens, New York Kew Gardens InterchangeThe Maze; The PretzelThe interchange in 1955LocationKew Gardens, Queens, New YorkCoordinates40°42′59″N 73°49′34″W / 40.71639°N 73.82611°W / 40.71639; -73.82611Roads atjunction NY 25 (Queens Boulevard) I-678 (Van Wyck Expressway) Grand Central Parkway Jackie Robinson ParkwayUnion TurnpikeConstructionTypeInterchangeOpened1930sMaintained byNYCDOT and NYSDOT The Kew Gardens Interch...

2017 studio album by Mutoid ManWar MoansStudio album by Mutoid ManReleasedJune 20, 2017StudioGodCity, Salem, MassachusettsLength38:36LabelSargent HouseProducerKurt BallouMutoid Man chronology Bleeder(2015) War Moans(2017) Mutants(2023) Singles from War Moans Kiss of DeathReleased: May 2, 2017 Date With The DevilReleased: June 9, 2017 Micro AggressionReleased: Feb 28, 2021 Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingPunknews.org[1]Tiny Mix Tapes[2] War Moans is the sec...

Municipality in Norrbotten County, SwedenBoden Municipality Bodens kommunMunicipalityRödberget fort, part of Boden Fortress Coat of armsCoordinates: 65°50′N 21°43′E / 65.833°N 21.717°E / 65.833; 21.717CountrySwedenCountyNorrbotten CountySeatBodenArea[1] • Total4,285.13 km2 (1,654.50 sq mi) • Land4,007.86 km2 (1,547.44 sq mi) • Water277.27 km2 (107.05 sq mi) Area as of...

List of Kings of Hungary This is a list of Hungarian monarchs, that includes the grand princes (895–1000) and the kings and ruling queens of Hungary (1000–1918). Holy Crown of Hungary The Hungarian Grand Principality established around 895, following the 9th-century Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin. The Kingdom of Hungary existed from 1000–1001 with the coronation of King Saint Stephen. The Árpád dynasty, the male-line descendants of Grand Prince Árpád, ruled Hungary conti...