Despotisme

Representació d'un faraó d'Egipte

El despotisme és una forma de govern basada en l'autoritat singular d'una sola persona o un grup de persones estretament relacionades, que governa amb poder absolut.[1][2] En la seva forma clàssica, un despotisme és un estat on una sola persona, anomenada dèspota, té tot el poder i autoritat, i tots els altres es consideren els seus servents.[3] Aquesta forma de despotisme fou la primera forma coneguda d'estat i civilització;[4] el faraó d'Egipte és un exemple del Dèspota clàssic.[5] Per Montesquieu, el dèspota governa segons la seva voluntat i caprici personals, a diferència del monarca absolut, que governa amb poder absolut però d'acord amb lleis fixes i establertes.[1] El terme havia estat lleugerament pejoratiu en la llengua grega ("governant d'un poble sense llibertat"), però esdevingué totalment negatiu amb la Revolució Francesa, quan es va aplicar a Lluís XVI.[2][6][7][8]

Referències

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 «Diccionari de sociologia | TERMCAT». [Consulta: 8 abril 2021].
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 «despotism | Etymology, origin and meaning of despotism by etymonline» (en anglès). [Consulta: 26 octubre 2022].
  3. ↑ «Definición de Despotismo» (en espanyol europeu). [Consulta: 8 abril 2021].
  4. ↑ «What Is Despotism? & Examples Of Despotism» (en anglès americà). Arxivat de l'original el 2021-06-20. [Consulta: 31 juliol 2021].
  5. ↑ «What does despotism mean?». [Consulta: 1r setembre 2021].
  6. ↑ «Storming the Bastille (July 14, 1789) | Origins» (en anglès), 07-07-2014. [Consulta: 19 gener 2024].
  7. ↑ Burrows, Simon «Despotism without Bounds: The French Secret Police and the Silencing of Dissent in London, 1760–1790». History, 89, 4 (296), 2004, pàg. 525–548. ISSN: 0018-2648.
  8. ↑ de Dijn, Annelien «Montesquieu's Controversial Context: "The Spirit of the Laws" as a Monarchist Tract». History of Political Thought, 34, 1, 2013, pàg. 66–88. ISSN: 0143-781X.

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