Atakapa

Infotaula de llenguaAtakapa
Tipusllengua extinta i llengua sense desxifrar Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Ús
ParlantsExt. inicis s. XX
Autòcton deatakapes i Louisiana Modifica el valor a Wikidata
EstatEstats Units d'Amèrica Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Coordenades30° 00′ N, 93° 30′ O / 30°N,93.5°O / 30; -93.5
Classificació lingüística
Llengua aïllada (Golf?)
Codis
ISO 639-3aqp Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Glottologatak1252 Modifica el valor a Wikidata
IETFaqp Modifica el valor a Wikidata

L'atakapa és una llengua extingida i aïllada, natiua del sud-oest de Louisiana i de l'est de Texas, Estats Units. Era parlada pels atakapes (o ishak) i es va extingir a començaments del segle xx.[1]

Variació geogràfica

Hi havia dues varietats o dialectes de l'atakapa:

  1. Est
  2. Oest

El dialecte atakapa est es coneix per una llista de 287 paraules recollides en 1802 per Martín Duralde. Els últims parlants vivien a la zona de Poste des Attackapas (Saint Martinville), actualment Franklin, Louisiana.

L'atakapa Oest és el més conegut, amb paraules, frases i textos recollits en 1885, 1907 i 1908 per Albert Samuel Gatschet. La major part va ser recollida a Lake Charles, Louisiana. Els últims parlants van ser Louison Huntington, Delilah Moss, Teet Verdine, i Armojean Reon. Existeix una vocabulari més antic, amb una llista de 45 paraules recollides en 1721 per Jean Béranger. Aquests parlants van ser capturats a la zona de la badia de Galveston.

Encara que John Reed Swanton adduïa que el vocabulari de Béranger era un dialecte akokisa parlat per l'ètnia akokisa, no hi ha cap evidència real que recolzi aquesta connexió.

Relacions genealògiques

Encara que es considera una llengua aïllada hi ha hagut intents de connectar l'atakapa amb altres llengües del Sud-est. El 1919 John R. Swanton va proposar una família de llengües tunica que inclouria atakapa, tunica, i chitimacha; Morris Swadeshmés tard centraria el treball en les connexions entre atakapa i chitimacha. Mary R. Haas més tard estendria la proposta al natchez i a les llengües muskogi, hipòtesi coneguda com a llengües del Golf. Aquesta proposta no ha estat demostrada.[2]

Comparació lèxica

La següent taula mostra els numerals en algunes llengües indígenes nord-americanes:

GLOSA Atakapa Oc.[3] Atakapa Or.[4] Natchez[5] Chitimacha[6][7]
'1' tanuʔk hannik wītã (h)unku
'2' tsīk hapalšt āwiti (h)upa
'3' lāt nēti kahitie
'4' himatoʔl tets kinawīti me(če)čant
'5' nīt išpīti hussa
'6' lāt tsīk lāhanaʔoχ hatẽka
'7' paχ(e) paighu anʔkwa mīčeta
'8' himatoʔl tsīk apkatūpiš kweta
'9' wōš išōlan /
tegghuiau
witipkatūpiš kwičeta
'10' wōš /
heissign
ōkō heihetie

Referències

  1. Mithun, Marianne. The Languages of Native North America. First paperback. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2001, p. 344. ISBN 0-521-23228-7. 
  2. Mithun, 302, 344
  3. atakapa Dictionary
  4. atákapan Numerals
  5. «Natchez numerals». Arxivat de l'original el 2010-07-04. [Consulta: 24 abril 2014].
  6. Chitimacha Words
  7. Chitimacha Numerals

Bibliografia

  • Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. Nova York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
  • Gatschet, Albert S., and Swanton, John R. (1932) A Dictionary of the Atakapa Language. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Athnology, bulletin 108. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
  • Goddard, Ives. (2005). The indigenous languages of the Southeast. Anthropological Linguistics, 47 (1), 1-60.
  • Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
  • Swanton, John R. A sketch of the Atakapa language. International Journal of American Linguistics. 5 (2-4), 121-149.

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