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TFF2
Dostupne strukture
PDB	Pretraga ortologa: PDBe RCSB
Spisak PDB ID kodova
	2DYZ, 2DZ0, 2DZ1
Identifikatori
Aliasi	TFF2
Vanjski ID-jevi	OMIM: 182590 MGI: 1306805 HomoloGene: 3956 GeneCards: TFF2
Lokacija gena (čovjek)
Hrom.	Hromosom 21 (čovjek)
Kraj	42,350,997 bp
Lokacija gena (miš)
Hrom.	Hromosom 17 (miš)
Kraj	31,363,256 bp
Obrazac RNK ekspresije
	Više referentnih podataka o ekspresiji
Ontologija gena
Molekularna funkcija	• GO:0001948, GO:0016582 vezivanje za proteine; • CXCR4 chemokine receptor binding;
Ćelijska komponenta	• extracellular region; • Vanćelijsko;
Biološki proces	• Zarastanje rana; • maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium; • negative regulation of gastric acid secretion; • chemokine-mediated signaling pathway;
	Izvori:Amigo / QuickGO
Ortolozi
	7032
	21785
	ENSG00000160181
	ENSMUSG00000024028
	Q03403
	Q03404; Q9QX97
	NM_005423
	NM_009363
	NP_005414
	NP_033389
	Wikipodaci
Pogledaj/uredi – čovjek	Pogledaj/uredi – miš

Trefoilski faktor 2 jest protein koji je kod ljudi kodiran genom TFF2 sa hromosoma 21.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Aminokiselinska sekvenca

Dužina polipeptidnog lanca je 129 aminokiselina, a molekulska težina 14.284 Da.^[7]

C: Cistein

D: Asparaginska kiselina

E: Glutaminska kiselina

F: Fenilalanin

G: Glicin

H: Histidin

I: Izoleucin

K: Lizin

L: Leucin

M: Metionin

N: Asparagin

P: Prolin

Q: Glutamin

R: Arginin

S: Serin

T: Treonin

V: Valin

W: Triptofan

Y: Tirozin

10	20	30	40	50
MGRRDAQLLA	ALLVLGLCAL	AGSEKPSPCQ	CSRLSPHNRT	NCGFPGITSD
QCFDNGCCFD	SSVTGVPWCF	HPLPKQESDQ	CVMEVSDRRN	CGYPGISPEE
CASRKCCFSN	FIFEVPWCFF	PKSVEDCHY

Funkcija

Članovi trefoilske porodice karakteriziraju postojanje najmanje jedne kopije motiva trefoila, domena od 40 aminokiselina koja sadrži tri konzervirana disulfida. Oni su stabilni sekretorni proteini eksprimirani u gastrointestinalnoj sluzokoži. Njihove funkcije nisu definirane, ali mogu zaštititi sluznicu od insulta, stabilizovati sloj sluzi i uticati na zarastanje epitela. Kodirani protein inhibira lučenje želučane kiseline. Ovaj gen i dva druga srodna gena člana porodice trefoila nalaze se u klasteru na hromosomu 21.^[7]

Vezivanje glikana

Svi ljudski faktori trefoila su lektini koji specifično djeluju sa disaharidom GlcNAc-α-1,4-Gal.^[8] Ovaj disaharid je neobičan glikotop za koji se zna da postoji samo na velikim, jako glikozilovanim, mucinima u sluznicama. Unakrsnim povezivanjem mucina putem dvovalentnog vezivanja ovog glikotopa, trefoilski faktori su tada u stanju da reverzibilno moduliraju debljinu i viskoznost sluzi.^[8]

Reference

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000160181 - Ensembl, maj 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024028 - Ensembl, maj 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Tomasetto C, Rockel N, Mattei MG, Fujita R, Rio MC (Sep 1992). "The gene encoding the human spasmolytic protein (SML1/hSP) is in 21q 22.3, physically linked to the homologous breast cancer marker gene BCEI/pS2". Genomics. 13 (4): 1328–30. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90059-2. PMID 1505966.
^ Gott P, Beck S, Machado JC, Carneiro F, Schmitt H, Blin N (May 1997). "Human trefoil peptides: genomic structure in 21q22.3 and coordinated expression". Eur J Hum Genet. 4 (6): 308–15. doi:10.1159/000472224. PMID 9043862. S2CID 25235589.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Entrez Gene: TFF2 trefoil factor 2 (spasmolytic protein 1)".
^ ^a ^b Järvå MA, Lingford JP, John A, Soler NM, Scott NE, Goddard-Borger ED (May 2020). "Trefoil factors share a lectin activity that defines their role in mucus". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 2265. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.2265J. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16223-7. PMC 7221086. PMID 32404934.

Dopunska literatura

Advenier C, Lagente V, Boichot E (1997). "The role of tachykinin receptor antagonists in the prevention of bronchial hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation and cough". Eur. Respir. J. 10 (8): 1892–906. doi:10.1183/09031936.97.10081892. PMID 9272936.
Langer G, Jagla W, Behrens-Baumann W, et al. (2003). "Ocular TFF-peptides: new mucus-associated secretory products of conjunctival goblet cells". Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 506 (Pt A): 313–6. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0717-8_44. ISBN 978-1-4613-5208-2. PMID 12613926.
Tomasetto C, Rio MC, Gautier C, et al. (1990). "hSP, the domain-duplicated homolog of pS2 protein, is co-expressed with pS2 in stomach but not in breast carcinoma". EMBO J. 9 (2): 407–14. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08125.x. PMC 551681. PMID 2303034.
Bhogal N, Donnelly D, Findlay JB (1994). "The ligand binding site of the neurokinin 2 receptor. Site-directed mutagenesis and identification of neurokinin A binding residues in the human neurokinin 2 receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (44): 27269–74. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)46979-7. PMID 7961636.
Hanby AM, Poulsom R, Singh S, et al. (1993). "Spasmolytic polypeptide is a major antral peptide: distribution of the trefoil peptides human spasmolytic polypeptide and pS2 in the stomach". Gastroenterology. 105 (4): 1110–6. doi:10.1016/0016-5085(93)90956-d. PMID 8405856.
Itoh H, Tomita M, Uchino H, et al. (1996). "cDNA cloning of rat pS2 peptide and expression of trefoil peptides in acetic acid-induced colitis". Biochem. J. 318 (3): 939–44. doi:10.1042/bj3180939. PMC 1217708. PMID 8836141.
May FE, Westley BR (1997). "Close physical linkage of the genes encoding the pNR-2/pS2 protein and human spasmolytic protein (hSP)". Hum. Genet. 99 (3): 303–7. doi:10.1007/s004390050362. PMID 9050913. S2CID 22603186.
Seib T, Blin N, Hilgert K, et al. (1997). "The three human trefoil genes TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 are located within a region of 55 kb on chromosome 21q22.3". Genomics. 40 (1): 200–2. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.4511. PMID 9070946.
Kayademir T, Silva Edos S, Pusch C, et al. (1998). "A novel 25 bp tandem repeat within the human trefoil peptide gene TFF2 in 21q22.3: polymorphism and mammalian evolution". Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 6 (2): 121–8. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200166. PMID 9781055.
Brunelleschi S, Bordin G, Colangelo D, Viano I (1999). "Tachykinin receptors on human monocytes: their involvement in rheumatoid arthritis". Neuropeptides. 32 (3): 215–23. doi:10.1016/S0143-4179(98)90040-3. PMID 10189055. S2CID 40222022.
May FE, Semple JI, Newton JL, Westley BR (2000). "The human two domain trefoil protein, TFF2, is glycosylated in vivo in the stomach". Gut. 46 (4): 454–9. doi:10.1136/gut.46.4.454. PMC 1727891. PMID 10716671.
Hattori M, Fujiyama A, Taylor TD, et al. (2000). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21". Nature. 405 (6784): 311–9. Bibcode:2000Natur.405..311H. doi:10.1038/35012518. PMID 10830953.
Berry A, Scott HS, Kudoh J, et al. (2001). "Refined localization of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness DFNB10 locus using 34 novel microsatellite markers, genomic structure, and exclusion of six known genes in the region". Genomics. 68 (1): 22–9. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6253. PMID 10950923.
Bulitta CJ, Fleming JV, Raychowdhury R, et al. (2002). "Autoinduction of the trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) promoter requires an upstream cis-acting element". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 293 (1): 366–74. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00199-7. PMID 12054609.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Hu GY, Yu BP, Dong WG, et al. (2003). "Expression of TFF2 and Helicobacter pylori infection in carcinogenesis of gastric mucosa". World J. Gastroenterol. 9 (5): 910–4. doi:10.3748/wjg.v9.i5.910. PMC 4611396. PMID 12717829.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000160181 - Ensembl, maj 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024028 - Ensembl, maj 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid1505966-5] Tomasetto C, Rockel N, Mattei MG, Fujita R, Rio MC (Sep 1992). "The gene encoding the human spasmolytic protein (SML1/hSP) is in 21q 22.3, physically linked to the homologous breast cancer marker gene BCEI/pS2". Genomics. 13 (4): 1328–30. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90059-2. PMID 1505966.

[pmid9043862-6] Gott P, Beck S, Machado JC, Carneiro F, Schmitt H, Blin N (May 1997). "Human trefoil peptides: genomic structure in 21q22.3 and coordinated expression". Eur J Hum Genet. 4 (6): 308–15. doi:10.1159/000472224. PMID 9043862. S2CID 25235589.

[entrez-7] "Entrez Gene: TFF2 trefoil factor 2 (spasmolytic protein 1)".

[Järvå_2020-8] Järvå MA, Lingford JP, John A, Soler NM, Scott NE, Goddard-Borger ED (May 2020). "Trefoil factors share a lectin activity that defines their role in mucus". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 2265. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.2265J. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16223-7. PMC 7221086. PMID 32404934.

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