Parafolikulska ćelija

Parafollikulska ćelija
Histološki presjek tiroidne žlijezde sa folikilima, gdje su smještene parafolikulske ćelije
Identifikatori
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FMA68653
Anatomska terminologija

Parafolikulske ćelije – poznate i kao C-ćelije, su neuroendokrine ćelije u štitnoj žlijezdi čiji je glavni zadatak lučenje kalcitonina. Nalaze se u blizini folikula štitnjače, u vezivnom tkivu. Ove ćelije su velike i imaju blijedu boju u poređenju sa ćelijama folikula ili koloidnim naslagama. Kod riba Teleostea i ptičjih vrsta ove ćelije zauzimaju strukture izvan štitnjače, pod nazivom ultimobranhijsko tijelo.

Struktura

Parafolikulske ćelije su ćelije blijede boje koje se nalaze u malom broju u štitnjači, a obično se nalaze u baznom epitelu, bez direktnog kontakta sa folikulskim lumenom. Uvijek se nalaze u baznoj membranu, koja okružuje cijeli folikul.

Razvoj

Parafolikulse ćelije nastaju od ćelija nervnog grebena. Embiološki, one se vežu sa ultimobranhijskim tijelom, koje je ventralna izvedenica četvrte (ili pete) ždrijelne kese. U seriji eksperimenata, ćelije nervnog grebena bile su presađene iz prepelice, s jedinstvenim i lahko identificiranim jezgrom, u neprepelični nervni greben. U ultimobranhijskom tijelu, dokazano je prisustvo ćelija sa jedrima prepelice. Na osnovbu toga izveden je zaključak da C-ćelije, tokom embriogeneze, prelaze iz nervnog grebena.[1][2]

Funkcija

Parafolikulske ćelije luče kalcitonin, hormon koji sudjeluje u regulaciji metabolizma kalcija. Značajan je kod riba i glodara, ali nije dokazana njegova relevantnost kod ljudi. Kalcitonin smanjuje razine kalcija u krvi, inhibirajući resorpciju kosti pomoću osteoklasta i izlučivanjem proporcionalno povećane koncentracije kalcija.[3]

Za parafolikulske ćelije također je poznato da one luče manje količine nekoliko neuroendokrinih peptida, kao što su serotonin, somatostatin ili CGRP.[4][5][6]

Također, mogu imati ulogu u regulaciji lokalne proizvodnje tiroidnih hormona, jer ispoljavaju hormon koji oslobađa tireotropin.[7][8]

Klinički značaj

Kada parafolikulske ćelije postanu kancerogene, one dovode do medularniog kancera štitnjače.

Yoko Kameda Y i njegovi saradnici su (od 1987. - 2016.) pokazali su da C-ćrlije potječu iz ždrijelnog endoderma uz štitnjaču, a ne od nervnog grebena. .

Također pogledajte

Reference

  1. ^ Le Douarin, N; Fontaine, J; Le Lièvre, C (1974). "New studies on the neural crest origin of the avian ultimobranchial glandular cells--interspecific combinations and cytochemical characterization of C cells based on the uptake of biogenic amine precursors". Histochemistry. 38 (4): 297–305. doi:10.1007/bf00496718. PMID 4135055.
  2. ^ Barasch, J; Gershon, MD; Nunez, EA; Tamir, H; al-Awqati, Q (1988). "Thyrotropin induces the acidification of the secretory granules of parafollicular cells by increasing the chloride conductance of the granular membrane" (PDF). The Journal of Cell Biology. 107 (6 Pt 1): 2137–47. doi:10.1083/jcb.107.6.2137. PMID 2461947.
  3. ^ Melmed, S; Polonsky, KS; Larsen, PR; Kronenberg, HM (2011). Williams Textbook of Endocrinology (12th izd.). Saunders. str. 1250–1252. ISBN 978-1437703245.
  4. ^ Zabel, M (1984). "Ultrastructural localization of calcitonin, somatostatin and serotonin in parafollicular cells of rat thyroid". The Histochemical journal. 16 (12): 1265–72. doi:10.1007/bf01003725. PMID 6152264.
  5. ^ Barasch, JM; Mackey, H; Tamir, H; Nunez, EA; Gershon, MD (septembar 1987). "Induction of a neural phenotype in a serotonergic endocrine cell derived from the neural crest" (PDF). The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 7 (9): 2874–83. PMID 3305802.
  6. ^ Bernd, P; Gershon, MD; Nunez, EA; Tamir, H (mart 1981). "Separation of dissociated thyroid follicular and parafollicular cells: association of serotonin binding protein with parafollicular cells" (PDF). The Journal of Cell Biology. 88 (3): 499–508. doi:10.1083/jcb.88.3.499. PMID 7217200.
  7. ^ Gkonos, PJ; Tavianini, MA; Liu, CC; Roos, BA (1989). "Thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in normal thyroid parafollicular cells". Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.). 3 (12): 2101–9. doi:10.1210/mend-3-12-2101. PMID 2516877.
  8. ^ Morillo-Bernal J, Fernández-Santos JM, Utrilla JC, de Miguel M, García-Marín R, Martín-Lacave I (2009). "Functional expression of the thyrotropin receptor in C cells: new insights into their involvement in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis". Journal of Anatomy. 215 (2): 150–158. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01095.x. PMC 2740962. PMID 19493188.CS1 održavanje: upotreba parametra authors (link)

Dopunska literetura

  • Y. Kameda. Localization of immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide in thyroid C dells from various mammalian species. Anat Rec. 219 (1987) 204-212.
  • Y. Kameda, T. Nishimaki, M. Miura, S.X. Jiang, F. Guillemot. Mash1 regulates the development of C cells in mouse thyroid glands. Dev Dyn. 236 (2007) 262-270.
  • Y. Kameda, T. Nishimaki, O. Chisaka, S. Iseki, H.M. Sucov. Expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin by thyroid C cells and their precursors during murine development. J Histochem Cytochem. 55 (2007) 1075-1088.
  • Y. Kameda, M. Ito, T. Nishimaki, N. Gotoh. FRS2α is required for the separation, migration, and survival of pharyngeal-endoderm derived organs including thyroid, ultimobranchial body, parathyroid, and thymus. Dev Dyn. 238 (2009) 503-513.
  • Y. Kameda. Cellular and molecular events on the development of mammalian thyroid C cells. Dev Dyn. 245 (2016) 323 - 341.
  • Cellular and molecular events on the development of mammalian C cells. Dev Dyn 245: 323-341
  • Baber EC: Contributions to the minute anatomy of the thyroid gland of the dog. Phil Trans R Soc 166 (1876) 557-568 (full text)

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