Pank-rok

Pank-rok (engleski: punk rock), kraće pank, jest muzički žanr koji se pojavio sredinom sedamdesetih godina 20. stoljeća. Ukorijenjene u garažnom roku šezdesetih, pank-grupe odbacile su uočene viškove glavne struje roka iz sedamdesetih. Obično su stvarale kratke, brze pjesme s oštrim melodijama i stilovima pjevanja, ogoljenim zvukom i političkim stihovima. Pank prihvaća etiku DIY; mnogi bendovi sami produciraju snimke i distribuiraju ih putem nezavisnih izdavačkih kuća.

Američki rok-kritičari upotrebljavali su pojam pank-rok za opis grupa garažnog roka iz sredine šezdesetih. Određene grupe iz Detroita i drugih područja, kao što su MC5 i Iggy and The Stooges, krajem 60-ih i početkom 70-ih stvarale su muziku izvan glavne struje koja je postala vrlo utjecajna na ono što slijedi. Glam-rok u Velikoj Britaniji i The New York Dolls iz New Yorka također su imali ključnu ulogu u razvoju. Kada se pokret razvijao od 1974. do 1976, istaknute grupe bile su: Television, Patti Smith i Ramones u New York Cityju; Sex Pistols, The Clash i The Damned u Londonu te Buzzcocks u Manchesteru. Krajem 1976. pank je postao glavni kulturni fenomen u Velikoj Britaniji. Nastala je pank-potkultura koja je izražavala pobunu mladih pomoću svojevrsnih stilova odjeće, kao što su namjerno uvredljive majice, kožne jakne, trake i nakit s klinovima i šiljcima, zihernadle te robna i S&M odjeća.

Godine 1977. utjecaj muzike i potkulture proširio se diljem svijeta. Ukorijenio se u mnogo lokalnih scena koje su često odbijale bilo kakvu pripadnost glavnoj struji. U kasnim 70-im, punk je doživio drugi val jer su nove grupe koje nisu bile aktivne tokom godina njegovog formiranja usvojile stil. Do početka osamdesetih godina 20. stoljeća, brži i agresivniji podžanrovi kao što su hardkor-pank (npr. Minor Threat), Oi! (npr. The Exploited) i anarho-pank (npr. Crass) postali su prevladavajući načini pank-roka. Mnogi muzičari koji su se predstavljali kao pankeri ili bili inspirirani njim nastavili su putem drugih muzičkih žanrova, što je dovelo do novih pokreta kao što su post-pаnk, novi val i alternativni rock. Nakon proboja alternativnog roka i Nirvane u glavnu struju 1990-ih, pank-rok je s usponom Green Daya, Social Distortiona, Rancida, The Offspringa, Bad Religiona i Jawbreakera ponovo zadobio interesovanje većih izdavačkih kuća.

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