N-Metilfenetilamin

N-Metilfenetilamin

Općenito
Hemijski spojN-Metilfenetilamin
Druga imenaN-Metil-2-feniletanamin
N-Metilfenetilamin
N-Metil-β-fenetilamin IUPAC ime
Molekularna formulaC9H13N
CAS registarski broj589-08-2
InChI1/C9H13N/c1-10-8-7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6,10H,7-8H2,1H3
Kratki opisBezbojna tečnost
Osobine1
Agregatno stanjeTečno
Gustoća0,93 g/mL
Tačka topljenja203
1 Gdje god je moguće korištene su SI jedinice. Ako nije drugačije naznačeno, dati podaci vrijede pri standardnim uslovima.

N-Metilfenetilamin (NMPEA) je spoj koji se prirodno pojavljuje kao neuromodulator u tragovima u ljudi, a izveden je iz amina u tragovima, fenetilamina (PEA).[1][2] Otkriven je u ljudskoj mokraći (<1 μg preko 24 sata)[3] a proizvodi se pomoću enzima feniletanolamin-N-metiltransferaza sa fenetilaminom kao supstratom.[1][2] PEA i NMPEA su oba alkaloidi koji se nalaze i u velikom broju različitih biljnih vrsta.[4] Neke vrste roda Acacia, kao Acacia rigidula, sadrže značajno visoke količine NMPEA (~2300–5300 ppm).[5] NMPEA je također prisutan u niskim koncentracijama (<10 ppm) u širokom rasponu namirnica.[6]

NMPEA is a pozicijski izomer amfetamina.[7]

Biosinteza

Dijagram biosinteze amina i kateholamina u ljudskom mozgu

N-metilfenetilamin, endogeni spoj kod ljudi,[2] je izomer amfetamina s istim bimolekulskim ciljem, TAAR1, G-protein spregnuti receptor koji modulira neurotransmisiju kateholamina.[8]|

Hemija

Po izgledu, NMPEA je bezbojna tečnost. NMPEA je slaba baza, s pKa = 10,14; pK b = 3,86 (izračunato iz podataka datih za Kb[9]). Tvori hidrokloridnu sol, mp. 162–164°C.[10]

Iako je NMPEA dostupna u prodaji, može se sintetizirati raznim postupcima. [Rana sinteza koju su izvijestili Carothers i suradnici uključivala je pretvorbu fenetilamina u njegov p-toluensulfonamid, nakon čega slijedi N-metilacija upotrebom metil-jodida, zatim [hidroliza]] sulfonamida.[9] Noviji metod, u principu sličan, a koji se koristi za izradu radioaktivno označenog NMPEA 14C u N-metil grupi, započinje konverzijom fenetilamina u njegov trifluoroacetamid. To je N-metilirani (u ovom konkretnom slučaju upotrebom 14C-označenog metil jodidom), a zatim je amid hidroliziran.[11]

NMPEA je supstrat i za MAO-A (KM = 58,8 μM) i za MAO-B (KM = 4,13 μM) iz pacovskih mitohondrija.[12]

Farmakologija

NMPEA je presor, s potencijom 1/350 x epinefrina.[13]

Poput svog roditeljskog spoja, PEA i izomer, amfetamin, NMPEA je moćan agonist receptora 1 povezanog sa tragovima amina 1 (hTAAR1) kod čovjeka.[2][14] Ima farmakodinamička i toksikodinamička svojstva fenetilamina, amfetamina i drugih metilfenetilamina kod pacova.[7]

Kao i PEA, NMPEA se metabolizira relativno brzo pomoću enzima monoamin-oksidaza s tokom metabolizma prvog prolaza;[2][14] oba spoja su preferirana metaboliziranjem MAO-B.[2][14]

Toksikologija

"Najmanja smrtonosna doza" (intravenozno za miša) soli HCl s NMPEA je 203 mg/kg;[15] the LD50 za oralno davanje miševima iste soli je 685 mg/kg.[16]

Studije akutne toksičnosti za NMPEA pokazuju letalnu dozu označrnu kao LD50 = 90 mg/kg, nakon intravenoznog ubrizgavanja mišu.[17]

Reference

  1. ^ a b Pendleton RG, Gessner G, Sawyer J (September 1980). "Studies on lung N-methyltransferases, a pharmacological approach". Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 313 (3): 263–8. doi:10.1007/bf00505743. PMID 7432557.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Broadley KJ (March 2010). "The vascular effects of trace amines and amphetamines". Pharmacol. Ther. 125 (3): 363–375. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.11.005. PMID 19948186.
  3. ^ G. P. Reynolds and D. O. Gray (1978) J. Chrom. B: Biomedical Applications 145 137–140.
  4. ^ T. A. Smith (1977). "Phenethylamine and related compounds in plants." Phytochemistry 16 9–18.
  5. ^ B. A. Clement, C. M. Goff and T. D. A. Forbes (1998) Phytochemistry 49 1377–1380.
  6. ^ G. B. Neurath et al. (1977) Fd. Cosmet. Toxicol. 15 275–282.
  7. ^ a b Mosnaim AD, Callaghan OH, Hudzik T, Wolf ME (April 2013). "Rat brain-uptake index for phenylethylamine and various monomethylated derivatives". Neurochem. Res. 38 (4): 842–6. doi:10.1007/s11064-013-0988-1. PMID 23389662.
  8. ^ Miller GM (January 2011). "The emerging role of trace amine-associated receptor 1 in the functional regulation of monoamine transporters and dopaminergic activity". J. Neurochem. 116 (2): 164–176. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07109.x. PMC 3005101. PMID 21073468.
  9. ^ a b W.H. Carothers, C. F. Bickford and G. J. Hurwitz (1927) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 49 2908–2914.
  10. ^ C. Z. Ding et al. (1993) J. Med. Chem. 36 1711–1715.
  11. ^ I. Osamu (1983) Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 8 385–388.
  12. ^ O. Suzuki, M. Oya and Y. Katsumata (1980) Biochem. Pharmacol. 29 2663–2667.
  13. ^ W. H. Hartung (1945) Ind. Eng. Chem. 37 126–137.
  14. ^ a b c {{cite journal |vauthors=Lindemann L, Hoener MC |title=A renaissance in trace amines inspired by a novel GPCR family |journal=Trends Pharmacol. Sci. |volume=26 |issue=5 |pages=274–281 |date=May 2005 |pmid=15860375 |doi=10.1016/j.tips.2005.03.007
  15. ^ A. M. Hjort (1934) J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 52 101–112.
  16. ^ C. M. Suter and A. W. Weston (1941) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 63 602–605.
  17. ^ A. M. Lands and J. I. Grant (1952). "The vasopressor action and toxicity of cyclohexylethylamine derivatives." J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 106 341–345.

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