Kambrij

Era[1] Period Milioni godina
Paleozoik Perm 298,9 ±0,2
Karbon Pensilvanij 323,2 ±0,4
Misisipij 358,9 ±0,4
Devon 419,2 ±3,2
Silur 443,4 ±1,5
Ordovicij 485,4 ±1,9
Kambrij 541,0 ±1,0

Kambrij je perod geološke vremenske skale u eri paleozoik. Podijeljen u šest perioda, od kojih kambrij zauzima prvo mjesto prije ordovicija. Započeo je prije oko 541 milion godina, na kraju proterozojskog eona i završio prije oko 485 miliona godina.[2][3] Klasično se smatralo da je kambrij obuhvatao razdoblje od prije 570 miliona do 500 miliona godina.

Ime duguje nazivu Cambria , što je latinizirani oblik riječi Cymru, termina kojim se Velšani zovu svoju zemlju, Wales, gdje je engleski geolog Adam Sedgwick 1831. identificirao ovaj sistem.

Kambrij predstavlja jednu od velikih divizija historijske geologije (grana geologije koja proučava transformacije koje je Zemlja doživjela od svog nastanka).[4]

Kambrijski fosili
Archaeocyatha (Porifera).
Holyoakia simpsoni (Trilobita).

Pregled

Kambrij je prvo razdoblje paleozoika. Početak mu je obilježen transgresijom mora na prekambrijska kopna sjeverne hemisfere (Eria, Fenosarmacija i Angara). Tada uz geosinklinalna morska područja nastaju i epikontinentalni morski pojasevi, a morska se sedimentacija se širi. Zbog toga su morski kambrijski sedimenti nađeni u mnogim krajevima svijeta (naprimjer, srednja Evropa, Skandinavija, Engleska, Škotska, Ural, Sibir, Bretanja, Sardinija, Maroko, Kina, Amerika, Australija i drugdje) Na području Dinarida još uvijek nisu evidentirani.

Vulkanska aktivnost iz kambrija dokazana je u Češkoj, Škotskoj itd. Novi pojsevi plitkoga mora omogućili su nagli razvoj beskičmenjaka, pa se samu u donjem kambriju pojavilo oko 900 novih vrsta. Posebno su značajni kambrijski Archaeocyathinae, koji učestvuju u stvaranju grebenova, a svrstavaju se u grupu Coelenterata, te trilobiti,  Brachiopoda, Echinodermata i drugi. Najbrojniji su bili trilobiti i brahiopodi, sa učešćem od oko 90% svih ondašnjih organizama.

Kičmenjaka joj uvijek nije bilo, a i kopno je bilo još nenastanjeno. O klimi se može prosuđivati na osnovu rasprostranjenosti arheocijanidnih krečnjačkh grebenovaa i taloženju evaporita i crvenih slojeva u pojasu između 15° i 30° sjeverne geografske širine. Umjereno zahladnjenje nastupilo je tek u gornjem kambrijukojega je posl i uzrokovalo povlačenje grebenotvoraca. Za klimu se pretpostavlja da je vjerojatno bila toplija nego u algonkiju i mnogo ujednačenija.

Također pogledajte

Reference

  1. ^ Los colores corresponden a los códigos RGB aprobados por la Comisión Internacional de Estratigrafía. Disponible en el sitio de la International Commision on Stratigraphy, «Standard Color Codes for the Geological Time Scale».
  2. ^ Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the International Commission of Stratigraphy, Visitada en 2013.
  3. ^ International Stratigraphic Chart, 2008
  4. ^ Wolfgang Griem, Copiapó. "Geología Histórica". Geovirtual. Pristupljeno 5. 3. 2010.

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