Jura

Era[1] Period Milioni godina
Mezozoik Kreda 145,0
Jura 201,3 ±0,2
Trijas 251,0 ±0,4

Jura je dio geološke vremenske skale koji pripada mezozojskoj eri. Unutar toga, jura zauzima drugo mjesto nakon trijasa, a prije krede. Započeo je prije 201 milion godina, a završio prije 145 miliona godina.[2] Imenovan je po planinskom lancu Jura), u Alpama, gdje je, 1795. godine, pruski geolog Alexander von Humboldtidentificirao ovaj sistem.

Pozivajući se na te isti imenski korijen pojam "jurski" prvi je put je uveo francuski prirodoslovac Alexandre Brongniart, 1829. godine u svom djelu Tableau des terenci qui composent l'écorce du globe ou essai sur the structure of the partie connue de la terre (Opis zemlje koja čini Zemljinu koru ili esej o strukturi poznatog dijela Zemlje)[3]

Pretpostavljeni prizor iz jure

Ovaj period karakterizira hegemonija velikih dinosaurija i podjela Pangee na kontinente Laurasia i Gondwana. Drugopomenuti je bio podijeljen na  Australiju (u gornjoj juri i ranoj kredi), baš kao što je Laurazija podijeljena na Sjevernu Ameriku i Evroaziju.

Jura je podijeljen na donju, srednju i gornju, koji su u Evropi bili označavani i kao lijas, dogger i malm, a koji su danas zastarjeli.

Pregled

U juri je počelootvaranje atlantskog okeanskog prostranstva prostora. Od Sjeverne Amerike, preko Evrope, do Azije (Laurazija) zbog transgresije nastaje epikontinentsko more. Ispod morske razine dospio je i veći dio južnog dijala Gondvane. Na Mediteranu, u istočnoj Aziji i duž pacifičkih obala nastavila se dubokomorska sedimentacija. Evropsko kopno je poprimilo otočni karakter, a između otoka, horstova Hercinida, stvoreni su duboki bazeni. Orogenetski pokreti na kraju jure poznati su pod nazivima: novokimerijski (Evropa), nevadski ili andski (Amerika) i jenšansko nabiranje (Azija).

U juri je klima postala prilično topla, iako sa određenim razlikama između toplijeg sredozemnog i hladnijeg (sjevernijeg) i jugžnih područja Zemlje. Biljni svijet bio je bujniji i bogatiji nego u trijasu. To se posebno odnosi na golosjemenjače i paprati. Od kopnenih životinja prevladavaju gmizavci, od gigantskih pripadnika grupe Dinosauria, do letećih skupina Pterosauria. Pojavile su se i praptice (Archaeopterygiformes), ko šro su rodovi Archaopterix i Archaeornis. Naročito je postao raznolik i brojan morski životinjski svijet. Od beskičmenjaka, milo je dosta amonita, raznih crva, korala, puževa, školjkaša, morskih ježeva, hidrozoa, brahiopoda. Među kičmenjacima dominirale su ribe, osobito morski psi. Za život u moru bili su prilagođeni i mnogi gmizavci, kao što su Ichtyosaurus i Plesiosaurus.

Veći dio današnjeg Dinarskog sistema planina, u juri je bio pod morem, pa se jurske naslage krečnjaka i dolomita nalaze duž jadranskog priobalnog pojasa, uključujući i Bosnu i Hercegovinu.

Također pogledajte

Reference

  1. ^ Los colores corresponden a los códigos RGB aprobados por la Comisión Internacional de Estratigrafía. Disponible en el sitio de la International Commision on Stratigraphy, en «Standard Color Codes for the Geological Time Scale».
  2. ^ "International Commission on Stratigraphy: International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2015/01". Pristupljeno 12. 10. 2015.
  3. ^ Alexandre Brongniart: Tableau des terrains qui composent l'écorce du globe ou essai sur la structure de la partie connue de la terre, Strasbourg, 1829, Documento disponible en Gallica

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