Gravitacija

Gravitacija je privlačna sila koja djeluje na sva tijela koja posjeduju masu a isto tako i na čestice bez mase poput fotona (svjetlosti). Isaac Newton je formulisao zakon gravitacije koji kaže: "Sila koja djeluje na tijela proporcionalna je proizvodu masa, a obrnuto proporcionalna njihovom međusobnom rastojanju na kvadrat." ^[1]

F=G{\frac {m_{1}*m_{2}}{R^{2}}}

G je gravitaciona konstanta i jedna od konstanti koju je najteže odrediti u fizici. Vrijednost konstante G je ^[2]:

G=(6{,}6742\pm 0{,}0010)\cdot 10^{-11}\;\mathrm {\frac {m^{3}}{kg\,s^{2}}}

Prostor u kojem djeluje sila gravitacije naziva se gravitaciono polje i ono je univerzalno za svako tijelo. Zakon gravitacije važi samo za dvije materijalne tačke.

1915. godine poznati naučnik Albert Einstein je objavio teoriju općeg relativiteta koja je dala jedno novo značenje gravitaciji i njenom djelovanju na prostor.^[2] Prema teoriji općeg relativiteta masivni objekti uzrokuju gravitaciju - deformaciju i krivljenje prostora. Kao posljedica deformacije prostora nastaju gravitacioni talasi. Efekti teorije općeg relativiteta se primjete na velikim razdaljinama pogotovo kada se svjetlosti, u prolazu pokraj masivnih objekta u svemiru, krivi putanja usljed djelovanja gravitacije.

Newtonowa teorija o gravitaciji se ipak može koristiti i daje vrlo dobre rezultate pri proračunima.

Također pogledajte

Teorija relativnosti

Reference

^ Dieter Hanneman PHYSIK für Studierende der Technik und Informatik,12. Auflage Hannemann Verlag, Gelsenkirchen 1998 ISBN 3-920088-50-6 njem.
^ ^a ^b Gravitacija na stranici univerziteta iz Arhivirano 21. 1. 2014. na Wayback Machine Wuppertala Njemačka učitano 09.02.2014 njem.

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p r u Fundamentalne interakcije u fizici
Fizikalne sile	Jaka interakcija Fundamentalna Rezidualna Elektroslaba interakcija Slaba interakcija Elektromagnetizam Gravitacija
Zračenja	Elektromagnetno zračenje Gravitacijsko zračenje
Hipotetičke sile	Peta sila Kvintesencija Slaba gravitacija pretpostavka
Rječnik fizike Fizika elementarnih čestica Filozofija fizike Svemir

p r u Grane fizike
Podjele	Primijenjena Eksperimentalna Teorijska
Energija Kretanje	Termodinamika Mehanika Klasična Lagrangeova Hamiltonova Kontinuum Nebeska Statistička Fluidi Kvantna
Talasi Polja	Gravitacija Elektromagnetizam Kvantna teorija polja Relativnost Posebna Opća
Po specijalnosti	Akcelerator Akustika Astrofizika Nuklearna Zvjezdana Heliofizika Solarna Svemir Astročestica Atomska–molekularna–optička (AMO) Računarska Kondenzirana materija Čvrsto stanje Digitalna Inženjerstvo Materijal Matematička Nuklearna Optika Geometrijska Talasna Nelinearna Kvantna Čestica Fenomenologija Plazma Polimer Statistička
Fizika i druge nauke	Biofizika Kardiofizika Biomehanika Medicinska Neurofizika Agrofizika Tlo Atmosferska fizika Hemijska Ekonofizika Geofizika Psihofizika

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