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Fotoni emitovani u koherentnom snopu pomoću lasera

Fotoni su elementarne čestice[1][2][3][4] koje se mogu opisati kao elektromagnetni energetski paketi određene frekvencije. Primjer fotona je svjetlost, pored ostalih vidova elektromagnetnih talasa (radio zračenja, infra-crvenog zračenja, itd.). Fotoni imaju osobine zbog kojih se ova čestica smatra dijelom kao čestica, ali i kao talas, u nauci poznato kao dualitet čestice-talasa. Osobine zbog kojih se foton ponaša kao čestica su primjetljive u fotoelektričnom efektu, dok su osobine zbog kojih se smatra kao talas primjetne kroz difrakciju i interferiranje svjetla kroz otvor ili rupu. 1801. godine engleski naučnik Thomas Young dokazao je osobinu svjetlosti (fotona) da se ponaša poput talasa time što je, u principu, osvijetlio dupli otvor (engleski: double-slit). Rezultat ovog eksperimenta su bile linije na pozadini na kojoj se vidjelo svjetlo koje je prošlo kroz otvor. Intenzitet svjetla je bio najveći u sredini i slabio je simetrično sa obje strane. Ovo je bio prvi dokaz da svjetlo ima osobine talasa.

Svako tijelo na temperaturama većim od 0 K (kelvina) zrači elektromagnetne talase, koji se sastoje od čestica. Kada je u pitanju svjetlosno zračenje, tada se te čestice nazivaju fotoni.

Energija jednog fotona je proporcionalna frekvenciji svjetlosti (ε = hν).

  • ε (epsilon) – energija čestice(fotona)
  • h – Plankova (Max Planck) konstanta
  • ν (ni) – frekvencija svjetlosti

Također pogledajte

Reference

  1. ^ "Elementary particles". abyss.uoregon.edu. Arhivirano s originala, 30. 8. 2011. Pristupljeno 21. 11. 2019.
  2. ^ "What Is Elementary-Particle Physics?INTRODUCTION".
  3. ^ "Physics for Kids: Elementary Particles - Quarks, Bosons, Leptons". www.ducksters.com. Pristupljeno 21. 11. 2019.
  4. ^ Science, Adam Mann 2019-05-07T19:53:21Z Pure. "What Are Elementary Particles?". livescience.com (jezik: engleski). Pristupljeno 21. 11. 2019.

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