Filogenetika

Dio serije o
Evoluciji
Dijagram divergencije modernih taksonomskih grupa iz zajedničkog pretka
Ključne teme
Procesi i ishodi
Prirodna historija
Historija teorije evolucije
Polja po oblastima
Socijalne implikacije

Greška: nije pronađen valjan link na kraju reda 17

Filogenetika (grč. φυλή – fylon = koljeno, pleme, rasa + γένεσις – genesis = generičko, porijeklo, rođenje, izvor) je biološka nauka o genetičkim osnovama evolucijskih procesa i nihovim međugrupnim razlikama (npr. na razini populacija vrsta, rodova itd), koji su otkriveni putem molekulskih sekvenciranja i morfološke matrice podataka.[1]

Filogenetika je ustvari filogenija na temelju analize strukturnih sekvenci bioloških makromolekula (DNK, proteini i druge). Rezultati filogenetičkih studija podržavaju hipotezu o evolutcijskoj historiji taksonomskih grupa, tj. njihovoj filogenezi.[2][3][4] [5][6]

Evolucija je proces u kojem se genetički sastav populacija vremenom mijenja pa se ona može podijeliti u odvojene grane, koje ne hibridiziraju. Njihova filogeneza se dalje odvija nezavisno ili neestaju (izumiru). Proces evolucijskog grananja može biti prikazan kao filogenetsko stablo (stablo života), a mjesto svake od različitih skupina organizama na hipotetskom stablu se temelji na hipotezu o redoslijedu presudnih događaja tokom evolucijskog grananja . Slični koncepti se primjenjuju i u hisorijskoj lingvistici.

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Reference

  1. ^ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; Jones, Henry Stuart (1968). A Greek-English lexicon (9 izd.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. str. 343. CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar (link)
  2. ^ Hadžiselimović R. (1986): Uvod u teoriju antropogeneze. Svjetlost, Sarajevo, ISBN 9958-9344-2-6.
  3. ^ Edwards A. W. F., Cavalli-Sforza L. L. (1964). Reconstruction of evolutionary trees. In: Heywood V. H., McNeill J.: Phenetic and Phylogenetic Classification. OCLC 733025912., Phylogenetics is the branch of life science concerned with the analysis of molecular sequencing data to study evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms.
  4. ^ Bast F. (2013): Sequence similarity search, multiple sequence alignment - Model selection, distance matrix and phylogeny reconstruction. Nature Protocol Exchange. doi:10.1038/protex.2013.065
  5. ^ Brusca R. C., Brusca G. J. (2003): Invertebrates, 2nd Ed. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass. ISBN 978-0-87893-097-5.
  6. ^ Prevosti F. J., Chemisquy M. A. (2009): The impact of missing data on real morphological phylogenies: Influence of the number and distribution of missing entries. Cladistics 26 (3): 326. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00289.x.

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