Термобарично оръжие

Взрив от термобаричен експлозив на ВМС на САЩ, използван срещу изведен от експлоатация кораб, USS McNulty (DE-581), 1972 г.
Касетъчна бомба ПБК-500У СПБЭ-К (Русия) и авиационна термобарична бомба ОДАБ-500ПМВ (Русия)

Термобаричното оръжие е конвенционално взривно устройство с голяма мощност. За разлика от обикновения експлозив, който носи в себе си окислител, термобаричният боеприпас използва атмосферния кислород при взрива. Други названия са вакуумна бомба или горивно-въздушна бомба.[1]

Думата термобаричен (термобарикос – θερμοβαρικός) произлиза от гръцките думи за „топлина“ (термос – θερμός) и „налягане“ (барос – βάρος).

Работен принцип

Термобаричното оръжие се състои от два експлозивни заряда. При освобождаване на оръжието (пускане от самолет, ако е бомба или изстрелване от оръдие, ако е снаряд), се задейства механизъм, който детонира първия заряд на определена височина. При тази детонация във въздуха се разпръсква голямо количество летлива течност или фин прах, който се смесва с атмосферния кислород. След като облакът от въпросното вещество се разшири достатъчно, се задейства вторият по-мощен експлозивен заряд, който го възпламенява и така се получава изключително мощна експлозия.[2][3]

При самото възпламеняване околният въздух се засмуква от огъня, образувайки вакуум, откъдето идва и другото наименование на термобаричното оръжие – вакуумна бомба.

Бащата на бомбите

През септември 2007 година Русия успешно тества най-голямата вакуумна бомба, създавана някога, наречена „Бащата на бомбите“ (Aviation Thermobaric Bomb of Increased Power (ATBIP), Russian: Авиационная вакуумная бомба повышенной мощности (АВБПМ), nicknamed „Father of All Bombs“ (FOAB) в отговор на американската „Майка на бомбите“ (GBU-43/B - M.O.A.B. може да се разчете като mother of all bombs но е съкратено от Massive Ordnance Air Blast), която допреди руския опит беше най-мощното конвенционално оръжие в света.[4][5] Получената експлозия е сравнима с малък ядрен взрив. Радиусът на действие на „АВБПМ“ е два пъти по-голям от този на американската GBU-43/B, а номиналната мощност – четири пъти по-голяма.[6][7]

Източници

  1. ↑ Vacuum bomb, definition // 2003. Посетен на 2022-03-01.
  2. ↑ Nettleton, J. Occ. Accidents, 1, 149 (1976).
  3. ↑ Strehlow, 14th. Symp. (Int.) Comb. 1189, Comb. Inst. (1973).
  4. ↑ Russia unveils devastating vacuum bomb // ABC News, 2007. Посетен на 2022-03-01.
  5. ↑ Video of test explosion // BBC News. 2007. Архивиран от оригинала на February 2, 2009. Посетен на 2022-03-01.
  6. ↑ Harding, Luke. Russia unveils the father of all bombs // The Guardian. London, September 12, 2007. Посетен на 2022-03-01.
  7. ↑ Berhie, Saba. Dropping the Big One | Popular Science // Popsci.com. Архивиран от оригинала на 2007-11-13. Посетен на 2022-03-01.
Общомедия
Общомедия разполага с мултимедийно съдържание за
Термобарично оръжие.
Тази статия, свързана с военно дело, все още е мъниче. Помогнете на Уикипедия, като я редактирате и разширите.

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