Сива сврачка

Сива сврачка
Природозащитен статут
LC
Незастрашен[1]
Червена книга на България
CR
Критично застрашен[2]
Класификация
царство:Животни (Animalia)
(без ранг):Вторичноустни (Deuterostomia)
тип:Хордови (Chordata)
(без ранг):Ръкоперки (Sarcopterygii)
(без ранг):Тетраподоморфи (Tetrapodomorpha)
(без ранг):Стегоцефали (Stegocephalia)
(без ранг):Амниоти (Amniota)
клас:Влечуги (Reptilia)
(без ранг):Диапсиди (Diapsida)
(без ранг):Архозавроморфи (Archosauromorpha)
(без ранг):Архозаври (Archosauria)
(без ранг):Динозавроморфи (Dinosauromorpha)
(без ранг):Динозавроподобни (Dinosauriformes)
разред:Гущеротазови (Saurischia)
клон:Тероподи (Theropoda)
(без ранг):Неотераподи (Neotheropoda)
клон:Целурозаври (Coelurosauria)
клон:Neocoelurosauria
клон:Манираптообразни (Maniraptoriformes)
клон:Манираптори (Maniraptora)
(без ранг):Авиали (Avialae)
клас:Птици (Aves)
разред:Врабчоподобни (Passeriformes)
семейство:Сврачкови (Laniidae)
род:Сврачки (Lanius)
вид:Сива сврачка (L. excubitor)
Научно наименование
Linnaeus, 1758
Разпространение
Сива сврачка в Общомедия
[ редактиране ]
Lanius excubitor

Сива сврачка (Lanius excubitor) е името на най-едрия вид Сврачки (Lanius), срещащи се в България, на размери е голяма приблизително колкото Кос и тежи до 75 гр. Оперението ѝ е в сиво, черно и бяло. Няма изразен полов диморфизъм. Опашката е сравнително дълга. Човката ѝ има характерния за сврачките зъб в края на горната половина. Гласът ѝ е подобен на този на свраката, от където идва и името на семейството.

Разпространение

Широко разпространена птица, среща се в Европа (включително и в България), Азия и Северна Америка. Навсякъде плътността на популацията ѝ е ниска. Обитава открити местности обрасли с храсти, по редки гори, покрайнини на блата и реки.

Начин на живот и хранене

Живее поединично или по двойки. Може да бъде считана за хищник, тъй като размерите на плячката ѝ са сходни с тези на самата нея. Ловува дребни птици, като синигери, врабчета и дроздове, гризачи, влечуги, земноводни и едри насекоми.

Размножаване

Моногамна птица. Гнездото строи най-често женската, понякога на височина от порядъка на 20 м в короната на някое дърво. То е изградено от по-груби клонки отвън и от по-меки и фини отвътре. Снася 5-6 светло зелени, напръскани с кафеникави петънца яйца. Мъти също предимно женската. Малките изхранват и двамата родители.

Допълнителни сведения

В България е рядка птица, защитена от закона.

Източници

  1. ↑ Lanius excubitor (Linnaeus, 1758). // IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Посетен на 27 декември 2021 г. (на английски)
  2. ↑ Червена книга на Република България. Сива сврачка. Посетен на 21 март 2012
Нормативен контролРедактиране в Уикиданни

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