Уахабизъм

Уахабизмът (на арабски: وهابية Wahhabiya) е ултраконсервативно реформаторско движение в сунитския ислям от 18 век и доминираща форма на исляма на Арабския полуостров (най-вече Саудитска Арабия и Катар), малки части от Африка и Западен Ирак.[1] Той е религиозно движение на ислямски фундаментализъм, търсещо да се върне към ранните основополагащи източници на исляма – Корана и хадисите.

Последователите му биват наричани уахабити, но самите те смятат това название за обидно и предпочитат да се наричат мууаххидун (тоест изповядващи единството на Бога, поддръжници на учението таухид).[2] Понятието уахабизъм често се използва взаимозаменяемо със салафизъм, но е правилно да се каже, че уахабизмът е конкретно, ултраконсервативно течение в салафизма.[3]

Основоположник на уахабизма е шейх Мухаммад ибн Абд ал-Уахаб, който се отклонява от дълга линия юристи от ханбалитската школа в рода си.[4] Вдъхновение черпи от средновековния теолог Ибн Таймия и ранния ислямски юрист Ахмад ибн Ханбал.[5]

Бележки

  1. ↑ Еспозито (2007), стр. 379; London (2008), стр. 720; Morgan (2010), стр. 179.
  2. ↑ Еспозито (2007), стр. 379; London (2008), стр. 720.
  3. ↑ London (2008), стр. 720.
  4. ↑ Еспозито (2007), стр. 379; Morgan (2010), стр. 179 – 180.
  5. ↑ Wahhabi (2013)

Източници

На български
  • Еспозито, Дж. Л. (Ред.). (2007). Оксфордски речник на исляма. София: Изд. Рива. ISBN 978-954-320-098-6
На английски
  • London, J. (2008). Our Good Name: A Company's Fight to Defend Its Honor and Get the Truth Told about Abu Ghraib. Washington, D.C: Regnery Pub. ISBN 1-59698-179-2
  • Morgan, D. (2010). Essential Islam: A Comprehensive Guide to Belief and Practice. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 0-313-36025-1
  • Wahhabi. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2013.

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