Проблем за демаркация

Проблем за демаркация е понятие от философията на науката, което означава определяне на границите между наука и псевдонаука изобщо (а не между конкретни научни и лъженаучни теории)[1][2][3]. Дебатът по темата продължава повече от столетие между философи на науката и учени от различни области, въпреки постигнатото основно съгласие по основите на научния метод. Демаркацията между наука и псевдонаука е част от по-общата задача за определяне на това какви убеждения могат да бъдат обосновани епистемологически.

Карл Попър нарича проблема за демаркацията „централен проблем във философията на науката“ [4]. От друга страна, редица съвременни философи и историци на науката отричат самата идея за разграничаване, като я наричат псевдопроблем[5][6][7]. Понастоящем във философията на науката съществува много повече съгласие по частните критерии, отколкото по общия критерий за демаркация между наука и ненаука[8].

Източници

  1. Resnik, David B. A pragmatic approach to the demarcation problem // Studies In History and Philosophy of Science Part A 31 (2). 2000. DOI:10.1016/S0039-3681(00)00004-2. с. 249 – 267.
  2. Laudan, Larry. The Demise of the Demarcation Problem // Physics, Philosophy and Psychoanalysis: Essays in Honor of Adolf Grünbaum. Т. 76. Dordrecht, D. Reidel, 1983. ISBN 90-277-1533-5. с. 111 – 127.
  3. Lakatos, I., Feyerabend, P., Motterlini, M. For and Against Method: Including Lakatos's Lectures on Scientific Method and the Lakatos-Feyerabend Correspondence. University of Chicago Press, 1999. ISBN 9780226467740. с. 20. The demarcation problem may be formulated in the following terms: what distinguishes science from pseudoscience? This is an extreme way of putting it, since the more general problem, called the Generalized Demarcation Problem, is really the problem of the appraisal of scientific theories, and attempts to answer the question: when is one theory better than another?
  4. Thornton, Stephen. „Karl Popper“, // The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2014 Edition). Edward N. Zalta (ed.). (на английски)
  5. Boyer P. S. «Pseudoscience and Quackery» // The Oxford Companion to United States History. Oxford University Press, USA, 2001. ISBN 978-0-19-508209-8
    „..many late‐twentieth‐century scholars dismissed demarcating between science and pseudoscience as „a pseudo‐problem““.
  6. Laudan, L. The Demise of the Demarcation Problem // Physics, Philosophy and Psychoanalysis: Essays in Honor of Adolf Grünbaum. Т. 76. Dordrecht, D. Reidel, 1983. ISBN 90-277-1533-5. с. 111 – 127.
  7. Sorensen R. A. Pseudo-problems: how analytic philosophy gets done. Routledge, 1993. p.40
  8. Hansson S. O. Science and Pseudo-Science // Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2008

Външни препратки

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