Néodimium

Néodimium, 60Nd
Néodimium
neyodimiyum·
Pabaosan/ˌnˈdɪmiəm/ (NEE-oh-DIM-ee-əm)
Cingakanpetak kapérakan
Bobot atom standar Ar, std(Nd)144.242(3)[1]
Néodimium ring tabél périodik
Hidrogén Hélium
Litium Bérilium Boron Karbon Nitrogén Oksigén Fluorin Néon
Natrium Magnésium Aluminium Silikon Phosfor Urirang Klorin Argon
Potasium Kalsium Skandium Titanium Vanadium Kromium Mangan (datu) Wesi Kobalt Nikel Temaga Séng Gallium Gérmanium Arsenik Sélénium Brom Kripton
Rubidium Strontium Ittrium Zirkonium Niobium Molibdénum Téknésium Ruthénium Rhodium Palladium Pérak Kadmium Indium Timah Antimoni Téllurium Yodium Xénon
Sésium Barium Lanthanum Sérium Praséodimium Néodimium Prométhium Samarium Éuropium Gadolinium Terbium Disprosium Holmium Érbium Thulium Itterbium Lutésium Hafnium Tantalum Tungstén Rhénium Osmium Iridium Platinum Mas Rasa (datu) Thallium Timbal Bismuth Polonium Astatin Radon
Fransium Radium Aktinium Thorium Protaktinium Uranium Néptunium Plutonium Amérisium Curium Berkélium Kalifornium Éinsteinium Fermium Méndelevium Nobélium Lawrénsium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnérium Darmstadtium Roéntgénium Kopernikium Nihonium Flérovium Moskovium Livermorium Ténnessin Oganésson


Nd

U
praséodimiumnéodimiumprométhium
Wilangan atom (Z)60
Watekn/a
Périodepériode 6
Blok  blok-f
Konpigurasi éléktron[] 4f4 6s2
Éléktron per kulit2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2
Cecirén pisik
Pase ring STPpadet
Titik lebur1297 K ​(1024 °C, ​1875 °F)
Titik didih3347 K ​(3074 °C, ​5565 °F)
Kapadetan (nampek s.r.)7.01 g/cm3
ri kala éncéh (ring t.l.)6.89 g/cm3
Panes fusi7.14 kJ/mol
Panes panguapan289 kJ/mol
Kapasitas panes molar27.45 J/(mol·K)
Tekanan uap
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1595 1774 1998 (2296) (2715) (3336)
Cecirén atom
Paindikan oksidasi0,[2] +2, +3, +4 (oksida basa tenga)
Kaéléktronégatipanskala Pauling: 1.14
Wasa ionisasi
  • ka-1: 533.1 kJ/mol
  • ka-2: 1040 kJ/mol
  • ka-3: 2130 kJ/mol
Jeriji atomémpiris: 181 pm
Jeriji kovalén201±6 pm
Garis warna ring pentang spéktrum
Garis spéktral saking néodimium
Cecirén liyanan
Rupa alamiprimordial
Struktur kristalsusunan padat heksagon ganda (dhcp)
Double hexagonal close packed crystal structure for néodimium
Kagelisan swara pales tipis2330 m/s (ring 20 °C)
Ékspansi térmalα, poli: 9.6 µm/(m⋅K) (ring s.r.)
Konduktivitas térmal16.5 W/(m⋅K)
Resistivitas listrikα, poli: 643 nΩ⋅m
bacakan magnétikparamagnétik, antiféromagnétik sor 20 K[3]
Karentanan magnétik molar+5628.0×10−6 cm3/mol (287.7 K)[4]
Modulus Youngrupa α: 41.4 GPa
Modulus Shearrupa α: 16.3 GPa
Modulus Bulkrupa α: 31.8 GPa
Rasio Poissonrupa α: 0.281
Kakatosan Vickers345–745 MPa
Kakatosan Brinell265–700 MPa
Nomor CAS7440-00-8
Lelintihan
PanemuanCarl Gustaf Mosander (1841)
Isolasi kapertamaCarl Auer von Welsbach (1885)
Kaaranin olihCarl Auer von Welsbach (1885)
Isotop utama néodimium
Iso­top Kalimpahan Paruh-idup (t1/2) Mode paluruhan Pro­duk
142Nd 27.2% tegteg
143Nd 12.2% tegteg
144Nd 23.8% 2.29×1015 y α 140
145Nd 8.3% tegteg
146Nd 17.2% tegteg
148Nd 5.8% tegteg
150Nd 5.6% 6.7×1018 y ββ 150Sm
Kategori:Néodimium
| pustaka

Néodimium silih tunggil datu kimia antuk simbol Nd miwah wilangan atom 60. Néodimium rumasuk ring dérét lantanida miwah dados datu tanah langka. Punika logam kapérakan sané katos, akedik maléléh énggal ring udara miwah kaayuban. Ri kala kaoksidasi, néodimium maréaksi énggal antuk ngasilang senyawa mawarna dadu, tangi/pelung miwah kuning ring paindukan oksidasi +2, +3 miwah +4.[5] Néodimium katemuin warsa 1885 olih pawikan kimia Austria Carl Auer von Welsbach. Katemuin makéh ring mineral wijih monasit miwah bastnäsit. Néodimium nénten katemuin alami ring rupa logam utawi nénten kacampuh sareng lantanida liyanan, ketah kamurniang antuk pawigunaan umum. Yadiastun néodimium kaklasifikasiyang manados datu tanah langka, punika umum, nénten luwih langka saking kobalt, nikel, utawi témaga, miwah sacara jimbar kasebar ring kerak Gumi.[6] Makéhan néodimium komersial ring gumi asil tambang Cina.

Pustaka

  1. Méija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
  3. Gschneidner, K. A.; Eyring, L. (1978). Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths. Amsterdam: North Holland. ISBN 0444850228.
  4. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  5. "Neodymium(Revised)". Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2018-01-29. Kaaksés 2019-04-17. Neodymium Oxidation states & Compounds
  6. Cingak Kaakéhan datu (kaca data).

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