Símbolu químicu

Símbolu químicu
identificador y símbolu
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Un símbolu químicu ye un signu abreviáu que s'utiliza pa identificar los elementos y compuestos químicos en cuenta de los sos nomes completos. Dalgunos elementos frecuentes y los sos símbolos son: carbonu, C; oxíxenu, O; nitróxenu, N; hidróxenu, H; cloru, Cl; azufre, S; magnesiu, Mg; aluminiu, Al; cobre, Cu; plata, Ag; oru, Au; fierro, Fe.

Los más de los símbolos químicos deriven de les lletres del nome del elementu, principalmente n'asturianu, pero delles vegaes vienen del inglés, alemán, francés, llatín o rusu. La primer lletra del símbolu escríbese con mayúscula, y la segunda (si la hai) con minúscula. Los símbolos de dalgunos elementos conocíos dende l'antigüedá proceden normalmente de los sos nomes en llatín. Por exemplu, Cu de cuprum (cobre), Ag d'argentum (plata), Au d'aurum (oru) y Fe de ferrum (fierro). Esti conxuntu de símbolos que denoma los elementos químicos ye universal.

Los símbolos de los elementos puen ser utilizaos como abreviaciones pa nomar l'elementu, pero tamién s'utilicen en fórmules y ecuaciones pa indicar una cantidá relativa fixa del mesmu. El símbolu suel representar un átomu del elementu. Sicasí, los átomos tienen unes mases fixes, denomaes mases atómiques relatives, asina que los símbolos representen davezu una masa atómica del elementu o mol.

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