Azufre

16 {{{esquierda}}} ← azufre → cloru
O
↑
S
↓
Se
Xeneral
Nome, Símbolu, Númberu azufre, S, 16
Serie química non metales
Grupu, Periodu, Bloque 16, 3, p
Aspeutu

mariello llimón
Masa atómica 32,065 uma
Configuración electrónica [Ne] 3s2 3p4
Electrones per capa 2, 8, 6
Propiedaes físiques
Estáu de la materia sólidu
Densidá (α) 2.070 kg/m³
(β) 1.960 kg/m³
(γ) 1.920 kg/m³
Puntu de fusión 388,36 K
Puntu de bullidura 717,8 K
Puntu críticu1.314 K a 20,7 MPa
Entalpía de fusión(mono) 1,727 kJ/mol
Entalpía de vaporización(mono) 45 kJ/mol
Capacidá calorífica(25°C) 22,75 J/mol·K
Presión de vapor
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
a T (K) 375 408 449 508 591 717
Propiedaes atómiques
Estructura cristalinaortorrómbica
Estaos d'oxidación-1, ±2, ±4, ±6
(acedu fuerte)
Electronegatividá2,58 (Pauling)
Potenciales d'ionización
(más)		1ᵘ: 999,6 kJ/mol
2ᵘ: 2.252 kJ/mol
3ᵘ: 3.357 kJ/mol
Radiu atómicu100 pm
Radiu atómicu calculáu88 pm
Radiu covalente102 pm
Radiu de van der Waals180 pm
Otros datos
Resistividá(0°C) (amorfu)
2×1015 Ω·m
Conductividá térmica(300 K) (amorfu)
0,205 W/m·K
Módulu de Bulk7,7 GPa
Dureza Mohs2,0
Códigu CAS7704-34-9
Isótopos más estables
Artículu principal: Isótopos del azufre
isó
AN
semivida
D
ED (MeV)
PD
32S
95,02%
 S ye estable con 16 neutrones
33S
0,75%
 S ye estable con 17 neutrones
34S
4,21%
 S ye estable con 18 neutrones
35S
sintéticu
87,32 díes
β-
0,167
35Cl
36S
0,02%
 S ye estable con 20 neutrones
Unidades nel SI y en condiciones normales (0ºC y 1 atm)

L'azufre[1] o zufre[2] ye un elementu químicu de númberu atómicu 16 y símbolu S, allugáu nel grupu 16 de la tabla periódica. Ye un non metal abondante, insípidu y inodoru. L'azufre alcuéntrase en sulfuros y sulfatos y inda en forma nativa (especialmente en rexones volcániques). Ye un elementu químicu esencial pa tolos organismos y necesariu pa bien d'aminoácidos, y poro tamién pa les proteínes. Emplégase sobre manera como fertilizante pero tamién na fabricación de pólvora, llaxantes, cerielles y insecticides.

Referencies

  1. ↑ Esti términu apaez nel Diccionariu de l'Academia de la Llingua Asturiana. Ver: azufre
  2. ↑ Esti términu apaez nel Diccionariu de l'Academia de la Llingua Asturiana. Ver: zufre

Enllaces esternos


Elementos químicos
Llistaos
Nome | Símbolu | Númberu atómicu | Masa atómica | Puntu de fusión | Puntu d'ebullición | Densidá
Grupos
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18
Periodos
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7
Series
Alcalinos | Alcalinotérreos | Lantánidos | Actínidos | Metales de transición | Metales del bloque p | Metaloides | Non metales | Halóxenos | Gases nobles
Bloques
bloque s | bloque p | bloque d | bloque f | bloque g


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